甜椒L 3应对辣椒轻斑驳病毒及中椒系列新品种的选育

辣（甜）椒是我国栽培面积最大的蔬菜作物,年播种面积约2.2×10⁶ hm²,其中甜椒约5×10⁵hm²。生产上传统病害如疫病、病毒病等依然严峻,近年来辣椒轻斑驳病毒（PMMoV,烟草花叶病毒属）等新型流行病害爆发,严重制约甜椒生产;同时,消费者对品种的品质、多样性提出更高要求。笔者课题组先后从国内外引进甜（辣）椒种质资源1 400余份,通过鉴定、评价,筛选出具有抗病毒病、白粉病和果大、皮薄、光泽度好、品质优等优良性状的种质资源120余份。构建了与抗TMV（L³、L⁴）、抗番茄斑点萎蔫病毒TSWV（Tsw）等重要性状紧密连锁的分子标记,辅助育种准确率达90%以上。通过常规育种技术和分子标记相结合,创制出含有抗PMMoV（P_0,1,2）L³,且兼具抗TMV、ToMV、PMMoV（P_0,1,2）、CMV和疫病,果大、果实均一度高、光泽度好等综合性状优良、配合力高的甜椒骨干亲本‘0516’,以其为骨干亲本,培育出4个新一代优质、多抗、适应不同生态区的新品种‘中椒105号’‘中椒106号’‘中椒107号’‘中椒108号’。上述系列新品种含有L ³,抗TMV、PMMoV（P_0,1,2),兼抗CMV和疫病;果实形状大小、色泽、整齐度等商品品质,Vc等营养品质显著提高。     

辣椒粉、大蒜素和维生素C对嘉积鸭生产性能的影响

摘要：采用单因子试验设计,研究了辣椒粉、大蒜素和维生素C对生长前期嘉积鸭生长性能和屠宰性能的影响。192只1日龄嘉积鸭,按体重相近的原则随机分成4个处理组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%辣椒粉,0.01%大蒜素和0.1%维生素C。每个处理设3个重复,每个重复16只试鸭,进行为期70天的饲养试验。结果表明,在基础日粮中添加0.4%辣椒粉、0.01%大蒜素和0.1%维生素C三种添加剂,均提高了嘉积鸭试验各期的生长速度,在一定程度上均能改善嘉积鸭的屠宰性能,显著降低皮脂沉积。     

固液混合油辣椒多相流灌装的数值模拟

以固液混合油辣椒多相流的灌装过程为主要研究对象,采用流体力学计算软件Fluent对其灌装过程进行数值模拟,分别对直径为36、48、60 mm的计量缸在灌装过程中的密度场、各相体积分数的分布状况进行研究。数值模拟结果表明:随着灌装机构计量缸直径的增大,灌装流场的密度均匀性变好,高密度和低密度区域明显减少,直径为60 mm的计量缸其固液混合油辣椒多相流流体的各相体积分数和密度分布比其他两种较好,体积分数与初始设定基本吻合,研究结果为灌装装置的结构设计和灌装工艺提供了理论依据。     

酶联免疫法测定辣椒中辣椒素含量

旨在建立一种简便快速低成本的辣椒素测定方法。辣椒样品中辣椒素经69.15%乙醇,振摇10min,离心5min,取上清液100μL,置于2.0mL样品瓶中,加0.9mL去离子水,旋涡混匀后用于酶标仪分析。结果表明：标准曲线满足线性方程Y=-42.9X+30.3,相关系数R2=0.9999;在100mg/100g添加水平下,平均回收率测为92.6%,重复性相对标准偏差小于3.5%;方法检出限为0.25mg/100g。300余份新鲜辣椒样品中辣椒素含量测定结果在1.50~323.8mg/100g之间。采用酶联免疫法测定辣椒中的辣椒素含量,有操作简单、测定速度快等优点,尤其适合批量样品的测定。     

线辣椒玉米套作的养分吸收利用及产量优势分析

采用田间微区试验和地下部种间根系分隔技术,研究了施氮肥和不施氮肥两种情况下,线辣椒/玉米套作体系的产量优势,套作与单作在成熟期氮磷钾养分吸收量和利用效率的差异,以及地上部和地下部因素对套作产量优势的相对贡献。结果表明,不论施氮肥与否,线辣椒/玉米套作经济产量和生物产量的土地当量比均大于1,呈现产量优势,但生物产量套作优势比经济产量更明显。套作氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量分别比单作高出16.4%～22.1%、26.1%～30.5%和27.0%～51.5%,而套作的养分利用效率分别比单作降低4.0%～14.1%、4.4%～9.4%和4.3%～15.9%。套作优势在养分资源方面主要是因为吸收量的增加,而非利用率的提高;套作线辣椒的养分收获指数高于单作。不施氮肥时,地上部和地下部因素对套作体系经济产量优势的相对贡献分别为93.2%和6.8%,生物产量优势的相对贡献分别为88.8%和11.2%;施氮肥时,对经济产量优势的相对贡献分别为85.2%和14.8%,生物产量优势的相对贡献分别为84.6%和15.4%。     

Productivity of capsicum influenced by conjoint application of isolated indigenous PGPR and chemical fertilizers

Inorganic fertilizers alone cannot sustain high levels of productivity. This study was conducted to determine whether higher productivity of capsicum could be achieved by conjoint application of chemical fertilizers and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Four PGPR isolates (RS₂, RS₃, RS₄, and RS₇) from capsicum roots and rhizosphere were evaluated at Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India), during 2009–2012. Two best performers: RS₂ and RS₇ were tried singly or in consortium with different levels of chemical fertilizers under field conditions, Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice. The conjoint use of 100% recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) doses through chemical fertilizers (RDF) plus PGPR significantly increased fruit yield, plant height, and biomass by 37%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, over sole application of 100% RDF (control). Further, response of capsicum to 80% RDF plus PGPR was statistically comparable with control. The results, therefore, indicate the potential of isolated PGPR strains to substitute about 20% NP fertilizers besides enhanced productivity of capsicum.     

糯玉米-辣椒绿色高效栽培技术

为了满足城镇居民生活的需要,在保证粮食安全基础上,解决粮菜争地的矛盾,充分利用有限土地资源,根据糯玉米与辣椒各自的生长特性,实施糯玉米和辣椒套种栽培,不仅提高了单位面积生产效率,而且获得了良好的经济效益。在简要介绍慈利县糯玉米和辣椒套种效益基础上,从糯玉米和辣椒地块及品种选择、育苗、定植、平衡施肥、病虫害绿色防控、田间管理、采收和秸秆还地等方面详细阐述了糯玉米、辣椒绿色栽培技术要点。     

云南主要地区辣椒分离的黄瓜花叶病毒的亚组鉴定*

 在云南富民、砚山、邱北和南涧等云南主要辣椒产区采集了28个病毒样品,选择应用RT-PCR,Msp I以及EcoR I酶切和克隆测序等分子生物学手段对其中的7种进行检测。经过RT-PCR实验确定其病原为黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）,同时分离物的Msp I酶切图谱与CMV亚组I的酶切图谱很相似,经EcoR I酶切后也没有出现异常差异。进一步对所检测的黄瓜花叶病毒分离物的外壳蛋白基因进行克隆测序,结果表明,分离物的核苷酸序列与黄瓜花叶病毒亚组I的分离物的核苷酸序列有极高的同源性,达93%~98%; 而与亚组II株系的核苷酸序列同源性仅为77%。因此将所分离到的黄瓜花叶病毒分离物归属于黄瓜花叶病毒亚组I。     

朝天椒优良品种的科学选用

由于朝天椒种子属常规种子,且不需审定,因此其优良品种的选择及培育尤为重要。通过介绍朝天椒的优良品种及特征,分析朝天椒品种退化的一般规律,提出了朝天椒优良品种的科学选用方法,为农民选育朝天椒提供依据,进而维护消费者的利益。     

Effects of Water Deficit on the Dynamics of Flowering and Fruit Production in Capsicum chinense Jacq in a Tropical Semiarid Region of Venezuela

The degree of crop sensitivity to water deficit, during the different developmental stages of a plant, is an important aspect to consider in tropical semiarid regions. The effect of water deficit on flowering dynamics and fruit production of sweet pepper (Capsicum chinense) was evaluated under several water regimes, during three consecutive years. A complete randomized block design with three replicates was employed. Flowering dynamics and fruit production were measured weekly, and water potentials were obtained twice during the experiments. For all years, flowering began at approximately 70 days after transplanting. In the most favourable year (trial 1996), there were no differences in total flower and fruit production in terms of irrigation frequency. For the other less favourable years, flowering and fruit production were significantly different between irrigation frequencies. Our results show that low water availability, prior to flowering, reduces the number of flowers produced and retards the occurrence of maximum flowering. On the other hand, a water deficit during the period between flowering and fruit development reduces final fruit production. This suggests that a water deficit during this last stage affects final yield to a greater extent.