Natural capsicum extract replacing chlortetracycline enhances performance via improving digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,anti-inflammatory function,and gut health in weaned pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of natural capsicum extract (NCE, containing 2% natural capsaicin, the rest is carrier) replacing chlortetracycline (CTC) on performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokines, and gut health in weaned pigs. A total of 108 weaned pigs (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], initial body weight = 8.68 ± 1.34 kg; weaned on d 28) were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment (3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen). The treatments include a corn-soybean meal basal diet as a control group (CON), a CTC group (basal diet + CTC at 75 mg/kg), and a NCE group (basal diet + NEC at 80 mg/kg). Compared with CON and CTC, NCE had increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain in phase 2 (d 15 to 28) and overall (d 1 to 28), and higher (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein, and organic matter in phase 1 (d 1 to 14). These pigs also had increased (P < 0.05) pancrelipase activity in pancreas, α-amylase, lipase and protease activities in the jejunal mucosa, and lipase activity in the ileal mucosa on d 28. Moreover, NCE had increased (P < 0.05) the contents of growth hormone, β-endorphin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and IL-10, as well as decreased (P < 0.05) contents of malondialdehyde, tumor nuclear factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 in serum on d 28 compared with CON and CTC. NCE showed higher (P < 0.05) propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) contents, and increased (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in colon, as well as higher (P < 0.05) propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids in cecum on d 28 compared with CON. In conclusion, NCE replacing CTC could enhance performance via improving digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory function, gut VFA composition and microbiota community in weaned pigs, and it could be used as a potential target for the development of feed additives.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定溴虫氟苯双酰胺及其两种代谢物在辣椒上的残留

本研究建立并优化了基于超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定辣椒中溴虫氟苯双酰胺及其代谢物DM-8007和S(PFP-OH)-8007的残留分析方法。样品经过乙腈提取，无水硫酸镁、N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)及石墨化炭黑(GCB)净化。净化样品以甲醇和0.2%甲酸水为流动相，采用C18色谱柱进行分离，并通过电喷雾正离子(ESI⁺)扫描，多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定量分析。结果表明，溴虫氟苯双酰胺及其两种代谢物在0.01～1 mg/kg范围内与目标化合物的峰面积线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99;在空白辣椒基质中添加溴虫氟苯双酰胺及其两种代谢物，在3个加标水平下回收率为90.8%～97.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%～5.7%,定量限(LOQ)为0.01 mg/kg,满足残留分析的要求。采用该方法监测了5%溴虫氟苯双酰胺悬浮剂在湖南、河南、浙江3个地点的消解动态，溴虫氟苯双酰胺在辣椒样品中的消解动态规律符合一级反应动力学方程，在3个地点的半衰期分别为7.7、4.7 d和2.8 d。     

辣椒及其提取物作为饲料添加剂在不同种属动物中的应用研究进展

辣椒作为调料品及蔬菜，在人类日常饮食和健康方面发挥重要作用，除此之外，辣椒及其提取物在畜禽生产方面具有增强抗病力、提高饲料报酬、减少热应激等作用。介绍了辣椒作为饲料添加剂的3种应用方式（辣椒粉、辣椒素、辣椒油树脂），以及在禽类、猪、反刍动物、兔类、鼠类、水产动物中的应用及作用机理，为辣椒及其提取物在动物生产中的应用提供新的思路。