棉酚和VA在水牛尿石症发生中的作用

选用３４头无既往病史、９￣１２月龄的未去势公水牛随机分为４组，采用二因子二水平４种处理，即：棉籽饼组、煮沸棉籽饼（煮饼）组、添加维生素Ａ组和不添加ＶＡ组，对４组水牛进行了１２周人工诱病和预防试验。对血清中游离棉酚、结合棉酚、ＶＡ的动态变化和组织中游离棉酚、结合棉酚含量及组织病理学改变进行了观察。试验结果：２４头试验牛中有１６头发生临床尿石症，其中煮饼组发病１２头，棉籽饼组发病４头；水牛血清及组织中     

杏鲍菇菇脚对肉兔生长性能及肉品质影响研究

研究在饲料中添加杏鲍菇废弃菇脚,并且投喂柚子皮对肉兔的生长性能及肉品质的影响。把48只30d～32d龄的新西兰肉兔随机分为3组,分别投喂0％、1％、5％烘干菇脚,同时每组又分为2组,分别投喂烘干柚子皮。结果表明添加5％杏鲍菇菇脚及投喂柚予皮均能显著降低兔粪TBARS水平,改善肠道抗氧化状况;饲喂菇脚对肉兔增重和兔肉品质没有影响,兔肉中无棉酚残留;柚子皮对增重无显著影响,但能显著降低兔肉胆固醇含量。     

Effects of dietary cottonseed meal protein level on growth, gonad development and plasma sex steroid hormones of tropical fish tilapia Oreochromis sp

Five experimental diets containing increasing proportions of cottonseedmeal (CSM) protein (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; diets 1 to 5, respectively) toreplace fish meal (FM) protein were formulated for intensive culture of tilapiaOreochromis sp. Each diet was fed to three replicategroupsof fish (mean weight ± SE = 11.3 ± 3.9 g) in30L aquaria connected as a closed recirculating-water system andmaintained at 27 ± 1 °C. Fish were fed three times adayby hand at a rate of 3% of body weight during four weeks, after which thefeeding rate was gradually decreased to reach 1.5% at 16 weeks. Thesubstitutionof 75 and 100% of FM proteins by CSM proteins resulted in significantly lowerbody weights in both sexes. In both sexes, gonadosomatic indexes and plasmaconcentrations of sex steroids (testosterone, 11-ketotestoterone,estradiol-17 and 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) were notsignificantly different among dietary treatments. The concentration ofgossypol,an antifertility agent contained in CSM, was measured in reproductive tissues.The total gossypol concentration in the testis was consistently lower than thatmeasured in the ovaries of the same group. Moreover, in both sexes, theconcentration of the (+)isomer of gossypol was always higher than that of(–)isomer. The total gossypol concentrations in testes increasedsignificantly with the increase of CSM in the diet. The highest levels of the(+)isomer (7.64 ± 0.62 g g^–1)were found in the testes of fish fed diet 4, whereas the (–)isomerreached its highest values in the testes of fish fed diet 5. The highest levelsof both enantiomers of gossypol were found in the ovaries of fish fed diet 4(14.2 ± 2.7 and 5.6 ± 1.5 g g^–1for (+) and (–)isomers, respectively). In both sexes, thehistological analysis of the gonads did not reveal differences among the fishfed different levels of CSM. Although CSM at any levels did not affect thereproductive parameters examined in this study, it cannot be used to substitutemore than 50% of FM since at higher levels growth of tilapia was compromised.     

动物棉酚中毒的研究进展

棉酚是细胞、血管、神经性毒物,影响动物的生殖机能,影响蛋品的品质,降低棉籽饼中赖氨酸的有效性。本文对棉酚的理化性质、毒性作用、动物中毒后的症状、剖解变化、病理组织学变化以及棉酚的检测方法的研究进展作出概述,并提出了预防措施。     

Principal Response Curves analysis of polyphenol variation in resistant and susceptible cotton after infection by a root-knot nematode (RKN)

The root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, attacks cotton root system. This study aimed to compare the induction of phenolic compounds over time in two cotton genotypes, resistant (TX-25) and susceptible (FM966), by RKN. Chemical profiles of cotton roots were obtained by HPLC, NMR, and colorimetric methods at four different time intervals. The Principal Response Curves analysis, a time-dependent, multivariate method, showed consistent variability over time in the profile of phenolic compounds between treatments for both genotypes. The variables that most contributed to the divergence between damaged and undamaged cotton roots were dimethoxylated and non-methoxylated gossypols, total flavonoids, and total phenols.     

数种驱虫药和化学药物对体内外鸡蛔虫产卵和虫卵发育的影响

为鉴定男性不育药和有些驱虫药对寄生蠕虫的不育作用,对培养在试管内的鸡蛔虫和卵胚,以及人工感染蛔虫的鸡分别进行了体内和体外试验。棉酚和硝基呋喃类的呋喃唑酮、呋喃西林、S_(73031)和S_(72055)均无抑制产卵和卵胚发育的作用,苯并咪唑类的丙硫咪唑、甲苯咪唑和噻苯咪唑以及吩噻嗪均有抑制产卵和卵胚发育的作用,它们的EMIC_(50)分别为0.006,1.326,0.029和0.052ppm。抑制产卵所需浓度远大于抑制卵胚发育所需浓度。吡喹酮和硫双二氯酚也不具有抑制产卵和卵胚成熟的作用。放线菌酮仅对试管内蛔虫有抑制产卵作用,但对体内蛔虫却无影响。     

棉花腺体形成过程中抗氧化酶活性研究

[目的]研究棉花腺体形成过程中相关抗氧化酶的活性,深入了解该时期棉花的生理变化,为培育优良棉花品种提供科学依据。[方法]通过对3个棉花品种(川棉2802、湘棉18、显无N5)腺体形成时期棉酚含量及抗氧化酶活性的测定,研究了棉花的棉酚代谢及腺体的形成。[结果]腺体形成后,川棉2802在萌发初期其棉酚含量逐渐降低,萌发5 d后其棉酚含量缓慢升高;而湘棉18在种子萌发时期,其棉酚含量呈缓慢增长趋势,并逐渐接近川棉2802的棉酚含量。该结果表明,棉花在种子萌发时通过提高SOD、POD和CAT活性,去除超氧自由基,降低过氧化水平,来减小对膜的损害,增强机体抗脂质氧化能力,增加抗逆境能力。[结论]该研究为了解棉花腺体形成时期的特点及利用腺体性状的转育奠定了科学基础。     

棉铃虫细胞色素P450家族 CYP6AE14 基因克隆、序列分析及蛋白原核表达

采用同源克隆技术克隆石河子棉区棉铃虫抗性品系的P450家族解棉酚基因 CYP6AE14 。克隆获得的目的基因全长1 581 bp,编码526个氨基酸。序列分析表明,该抗性品系的 CYP6AE14 有1个氨基酸发生突变,即Y25F;其与烟草天蛾的CYP6AE32同源性较高,达60%。利用原核表达载体pET28 a在大肠杆菌中成功表达棉铃虫P450 CYP6AE14 基因,为进一步的基因功能验证奠定基础。     

Effect of maternal cottonseed feed on the immune and antioxidant status of Santa Ines lambs

Cottonseed has been used as a nutritional alternative in animal production. However, consequences of this nutrient in the progeny is not well characterized. Thus, this work evaluated the effect on the immune and antioxidant status of the progeny of feeding Santa Ines ewe with or without cottonseed. Twenty-four Santa Ines ewes were distributed in two feeding regimes: cottonseed (CS) concentrate (n = 12) and soybean (SB) concentrate (n = 12). After birth, lambs remained with their mothers and blood samples were collected at 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th, 15^th, 30^th and 60^th day of life of 24 lambs born from mothers fed with (CS, n = 12) or without (SB, n = 12) cottonseed. Serum total protein, albumin, alpha beta globulin, gamma globulin, immunoglobulin G and M, activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and variables related to iron metabolism were affected only by sampling times (P < 0.05). The concentration of serum total protein, alpha beta globulin, gamma globulin and immunoglobulin G and M, GPx activity and ORAC values decreased as lamb age increased. Serum albumin concentration and CAT activity, in turn, increased as lamb age increased. In this work, maternal feeding with cottonseed did not affect the serum protein profile and antioxidant status of progeny during the lactation period, indicating no transfer of gossypol effects by milk secretions. Thus, the alternative in ruminants feeding with cottonseed can be used without maternal-descendant effects to immunity and oxidative stress in lambs.     

Individual and combined effects of salinity and waterlogging on Cry1Ac expression and insecticidal efficacy of Bt cotton

Salinity, waterlogging and a combination of both stresses are severe threats to plant growth, development and yield of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), but their individual or combined effects on insecticidal efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, two cotton cultivars (33B and SCRC17) containing the Cry1Ac insecticidal protein gene were planted in 10 L pots filled with soil and allowed to grow in a greenhouse. The potted plants were either treated with NaCl (5 mg/g, w/w), waterlogging, or a combination of both stresses at the three true-leaf stage, and levels of total soluble protein, Bt insecticidal protein, gossypol and the control efficacy as indicated by mortality of bollworm larvae were examined at 7-day intervals after stress. Waterlogging and a combination of salinity and waterlogging reduced total protein content by 40–46% and 45–65% and Bt protein content by 38–50% and 45–72% from 7 to 21 days after stress, relative to the non-stressed control, respectively. The control efficacy was significantly reduced by either waterlogging or the combined stress. Regression analysis indicated that Bt protein content was correlated to total soluble protein content (R² = 0.7677*), while Bt cotton efficacy was correlated to Bt protein level (R² = 0.7917**). Salinity reduced Bt protein by 11–22% and total soluble protein by 5.7–7.2% from 7 to 21 days after NaCl stress, but did not result in reduction in control efficacy. It is concluded that reduced bollworm control efficacy under waterlogging or the combined stress could be mainly attributed to the declined levels of Bt protein, which is closely associated with the inhibited nitrogen metabolism by stresses. As one of the secondary compounds that are toxic to pests, increases in gossypol may be involved in maintaining the efficacy when Bt protein level was reduced under salinity.