黄瓜低温弱光耐受性机理及其应用研究的主要进展

选择低温弱光抗性水平不同的欧洲温室型、欧亚杂交型、华北温室型、华北露地型黄瓜(Cucumis sati- vus L.)的16个品种为试验材料,以光合代谢为切入点,开展苗期光合速率、光补偿点、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶 (rubisco)活性和叶绿素a荧光动力学曲线的系统研究,结果表明:单一偏低温和偏低温弱光协效应未明显伤害光合系统,而临界低温可能伤及PSⅡ;偏低温和弱光组合时,弱光对黄瓜幼苗的影响起主导作用,弱光与临界低温组合时,临界低温起主导作用;偏低温弱光(单一弱光)下的叶面积增长量和临界低温下的冷害指数可分别作为评价黄瓜对偏低温弱光(单一弱光)耐受性和临界低温耐受性的比较稳定可靠的指标,据此设计了相关的评价指标体系。用117个重组自交系为材料,以弱光下叶面积增长量为指标进行弱光耐受性评价并以RAPD、AFLP、SSR分子图谱为基础,通过区间作图,检测到5个与黄瓜弱光耐受性有关的QTLs。采用mRNA差异显示银染技术克隆得到黄瓜冷敏型品种津研4号低温锻炼中特异表达基因的cDNA克隆(ccr18),其大小为639 bp。在基因组中以单拷贝或低拷贝形式存在。序列同源性比较表明它与拟南芥[Arabidopsis thaliana(L．)Heynh．]染色体ⅣBAC库中的 F14P3基因组序列具有88％的同源性。     

杏鲍菇优良品种HRX的选育研究

通过对杏鲍菇优质菌株HRX3定向驯化试验,结果表明:经过热处理的菌株,其对温度的耐受性能有明显改善;提高培养基中的木质素和纤维素成分,可以增强菇体内相关酶的活性;并筛选出适合本地栽培该菇的培养基质.     

鸡新城疫流行的新特点及防治

<正>随着养鸡业的迅速发展,饲养密度不断加大,鸡场的新城疫疫源污染也日趋严重,健康鸡群时时受到疫病的威胁,从业人员意识到鸡新城疫的巨大危害,力求采取频繁接种以控制此病的发生,势必导致鸡体对疫苗产生较强的耐受性,降低了鸡体的敏感应答作用,从而引起鸡抗体形成缓慢、低水平,出现抗体效价高低不均等情况。因此,养鸡业发展到现在,鸡新城疫以新的特点在各地区散发而流行。对于鸡新城疫的新的流行特点,鸡只发病初期的发病率和死亡率远远低于典型     

Evaluation on Tolerance of Montmorillonite as a Mycotoxin Adsorbent

In order to study the tolerance dose of Kunming mice to montmorillonite as a mycotoxin adsorbent in diets,the experiment selected 60 healthy male Kunming mice with initial average body weight of (17±0.12)g,randomly divided them into 5 treatments with two replicates per group and 6 mice per replicate.Five experimental diets were added to 0 (control group),0.5%,1%,2% and 5% montmorillonite,respectively.After 30 days,the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indices and internal organization were tested to determine the tolerance dose of montmorillonite for Kunming mice.The results showed that the ADFI was significantly increased in 0.5% group (P< 0.05),while there were no significant differences in ADFI and ADG between 1% group and control group (P> 0.05),then the ADFI was significantly decreased with the increasing of montmorillonite supplemental level (P< 0.05).The ADG in 2% group had no significant difference when compared with the control group (P> 0.05),while significantly lower than that in 0.5% and 1% groups (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of DM,CP and EE showed no significant effect at any level of montmorillonite (P> 0.05).Serum ALT,AST activities and MDA content were gradually increased with the montmorillonite supplemental level increasing,and that in 1%,2% and 5% groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P< 0.05),but there were no significant differences between 0.5% group and control group (P> 0.05).Tissue sections showed that mice livers were damaged in varying degrees when the montmorillonite supplemental level was 5%.In conclusion,based on a comprehensive consideration of all indexes,it could be seen that the tolerance dose of the tested montmorillonite for Kunming mice was between 0.5% and 2% when mycotoxin contents in diets were in security range.     

44个紫花苜蓿品种的酸铝适应性与耐受性评价

为了解紫花苜蓿在贵州地区的适应性及耐酸铝胁迫机理，以44份紫花苜蓿品种为研究对象，研究紫花苜蓿处于酸铝胁迫下的生理变化，并揭示其生理变化与耐酸铝胁迫间的关系。利用基因与环境互作模型对两个地点1年的紫花苜蓿进行产量分析，筛选出阿尔冈金、新疆大叶苜蓿、Trifecta、Vernal和中牧1号苜蓿5个耐酸铝强适应品种。利用敏感型UC-1465和耐受型阿尔冈金进行酸铝胁迫试验。结果表明：相同处理下，耐受型紫花苜蓿的电导率、相对铝含量、死亡率显著低于敏感型；紫花苜蓿对酸铝胁迫的响应主要通过柠檬酸、苹果酸、乙酸、酒石酸、反丁烯二酸和草酸的显著（P<0.05）增加来体现，其中苹果酸的合成和分泌增多可能是其耐酸铝胁迫的重要原因。     

亚热带水产养殖寒灾预警系统的设计与实现

通过对亚热带水产养殖现状的分析,论述了建设亚热带水产养殖寒灾预警系统的必要性以及寒灾预警系统的目标和任务。介绍了亚热带水产养殖寒灾预警系统的结构和框架,叙述了系统开发中的几个关键问题及解决方法。     

双齿围沙蚕pH耐受性试验

在静水密封条件下,采用急性试验法研究双齿围沙蚕在不同pH水环境中存活情况。研究结果表明,沙蚕具有较广的pH耐受范围。     

饲粮添加甜叶菊废渣提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能及内脏组织病理的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加甜叶菊废渣提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血常规及生化指标、抗氧化活性、脏器指数和内脏组织病理的影响,以系统评价断奶仔猪对甜叶菊废渣提取物的耐受性。试验选用平均初始体重为(6.79±0.02)kg的21日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪108头,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加400、4000 mg/kg甜叶菊废渣提取物的饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)试验第1~28天及第1~42天,添加甜叶菊废渣提取物对断奶仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比及腹泻率均无显著影响(P>0.05);2)添加甜叶菊废渣提取物对断奶仔猪血常规指标均无显著影响(P>0.05),添加4000 mg/kg甜叶菊废渣提取物可显著提高血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05);3)添加400 mg/kg甜叶菊废渣提取物可显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量并显著提高总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),且添加4000 mg/kg甜叶菊废渣提取物显著降低血清MDA含量并显著提高T-SOD活性(P<0.05);4)添加甜叶菊废渣提取物对心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰腺等脏器指数均无显著影响(P>0.05),且组织病理学观测未发现心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏等组织有明显病变。综上所述,饲粮中添加甜叶菊废渣提取物可改善断奶仔猪抗氧化性能,对生长性能、血常规指标、脏器指数等均无不良影响,且组织病理学观测未发现明显病理变化。因此,断奶仔猪可耐受饲粮中4000 mg/kg甜叶菊废渣提取物。