花粉多糖注射剂临床前抗肿瘤药效学预试

花粉多糖对小鼠Lewis肺癌(足趾接种)模型以200mg/kg,100mg/kg,50mg/kg三个剂量iv×10qd方案给药,实验显示高、中、低三个剂量组抑瘤率分别为48.01%,43.09%,31.38%。免疫实验以上述相同的给药方案,花粉多糖对荷Lweis肺癌小鼠NK细胞活性具有明显的提高和促进作用。     

紫杉醇资源开发研究

紫杉醇是迄今公认的最有前途的首选天然抗癌药物。鉴于紫杉醇抗癌机制独特,疗效显著,现有红豆杉资源远不能满足需要,本文综述了紫杉醇的植物资源和通过红豆杉人工栽培,细胞培养,真菌培养以及半合成,全合成的途径开发紫杉醇的状况。     

Treatment time,ease of use and cost associated with use of Equashield™, PhaSeal®, or no closed system transfer device for administration of cancer chemotherapy to a dog model

This prospective experimental simulation study evaluated the efficiency, ease of use (EOU) and cost of administering chemotherapy with two closed system transfer devices (CSTD, Equashield? and PhaSeal^®) and no CSTD. Forty‐six veterinary technicians (VT) working in oncology specialty practices were timed during chemotherapy administration simulated with water and a model canine limb 10 times with each system and with no CSTD. EOU and likelihood of recommending each system were rated by VT using visual analog scales. Costs were obtained from veterinary distributors. Administration was fastest with Equashield? (P = 0.0003), but the difference was not enough to affect case flow. Equashield? was easier to use than PhaSeal^® or no CSTD (P = 0.002), however VT recommended both CSTD more strongly than no CSTD (P < 0.0001). Equashield? cost less than PhaSeal^® but was sold only in bulk quantities. CSTD did not decrease efficiency in administering chemotherapy and were readily accepted by VT.     

植物多糖的功能性研究进展及其在动物生产中的应用

植物多糖作为多功能的天然植物成分,具有来源广泛、高效、无毒副作用等特点。植物多糖作为绿色饲料添加剂,不仅可以增强机体免疫力、抗病力、抗应激能力,还可以调节肠道微生物平衡,改善畜产品品质。本文主要就植物多糖的结构、生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用进行综述,以期为其在动物生产中的应用提供参考依据。     

抗癌新药紫杉醇的构效关系

紫杉醇是一种广谱抗癌新药，但存在水溶性差、副作用大的缺点。构效关系是以紫杉醇为先导化合物，通过Ｃ１３侧链和二萜环侧链的改造以及生物学评价而建立的。本文讨论了结构与活性的关系，以期通过化学结构的修饰合成高效低毒易溶于水的紫杉醇类似物。     

Antibiotic prophylaxis in veterinary cancer chemotherapy: A review and recommendations

Bacterial infection following cancer chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in human and veterinary patients. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is controversial in the human oncology field, as any decreased incidence in bacterial infections is countered by patient adverse effects and increased antimicrobial resistance. Comprehensive guidelines exist to aid human oncologists in prescribing antimicrobial prophylaxis but similar recommendations are not available in veterinary literature. As the veterinarian's role in antimicrobial stewardship is increasingly emphasized, it is vital that veterinary oncologists implement appropriate antimicrobial use. By considering the available human and veterinary literature we present an overview of current clinical practices and are able to suggest recommendations for prophylactic antimicrobial use in veterinary cancer chemotherapy patients.     

Chemotherapy‐induced diarrhoea in dogs and its management with smectite: Results of a monocentric open‐label randomized clinical trial

Chemotherapy‐induced diarrhoea (CID) is a frequent chemotherapy adverse event in dogs. Yet, there is currently no consensus regarding its management. Smectite is a natural medical clay, widely used in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in humans. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of smectite in the management of CID in dogs, and to collect epidemiological data on CID. For each episode of diarrhoea, dogs were randomized into two management groups: Smectite group, receiving smectite at 0.5 g/kg PO per day divided in two to three doses initiated at the start of CID; control group, without initial medication. In both groups, rescue metronidazole was prescribed if CID progressed or was not improved within 48 hours. Sixty dogs were recruited and received 426 chemotherapy administrations between June 2017 and March 2019. The incidence rate of CID was 110/426 (25.8%, 95% CI: 21.7%‐30.2%), and significantly differed between the chemotherapeutic drugs administered (P < .001). Metronidazole was administered in 5/54 events (9.3%, 95% CI: 3.1%‐20.3%) in the smectite group and in 40/56 events (71.4%, 95% CI: 57.5%‐82.3%) in the control group (P < .001). The time to resolution of diarrhoea was shorter (P < .001) in the smectite group (median: 19.5 hours, interquartile range [IQR]: 13.5‐32 hours) compared with the control group (median: 53 hours, IQR: 31.5‐113.5 hours). The results of this study support the administration of smectite in the first‐line management of CID in dogs.     

防癌延寿“JA1”、“JO1”

本文报道了我国西北两种资源植物提取物“JA1”和“JO1”的试验结果:1.对肝癌(Hep)瘤株的抑制率分别为42.9％和38.8％;2.对果蝇的寿命延长率为104.2％和116.6％;3.有明显的镇痛作用。说明这两种提取物是医药和保健的良好材料,应尽快加以开发。