药物代谢动力学猪链球菌病模型的研制

为研制适于猪的药物代谢动力学研究的传染病模型，取长白×杜洛克杂种猪１６头（体重３２．０±０．７ｋｇ），每猪皮下接种纯净猪链球菌（Ｃ７４－４１型）１２．５亿个活菌，复制出典型的亚急性型猪链球菌病。动物经感染后１ｄ体温持续升高１．５～２．０℃。血浆总蛋白含量开始持续降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清肌酐浓度则开始升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。感染后２．５ｄ，磺溴酞的消除半衰期和给药后１５ｍｉｎ的滞留率均下降（Ｐ＜０．     

猪瘟和链球菌病混合感染的诊治

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的猪的一种高度接触性、传染性疾病,猪链球菌病是由猪链球菌引起的一种人畜共患传染病。某猪场存栏基础母猪180头,于2005年4月起开始发病,并陆续死亡。根据流行病学调查,临床症状观察,病理剖检和实验室诊断,确诊为猪瘟和猪链球菌混合感染,采取相应的防治措施,于1周后控制了疫情。     

湖南省猪链球菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

对来自湖南省不同地区的疑似猪链球菌病病料进行分离鉴定,并对鉴定出来的猪链球菌进行生化试验和药敏试验.结果表明,生化试验除乳糖、甘露醇、山梨醇外,其他差异不大;药敏试验中菌株之间差异较大,大部分菌株呈多重耐药性,其中对磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率达100%,四环素的耐药率为100%～92.3%,对大环内酯类的耐药率为84.6%～69.2%,氨基糖苷类为69.2%～46.2%,头孢菌素类为69.2%～30.8%,对青霉素类药物的耐药率最低,除阿莫西林较高敏感(84.6%)外,多为中度敏感,对其他药物的敏感率均低于50%.说明湖南省猪链球菌耐药率普遍较高,养殖场应予以高度重视.     

猪链球菌病对肌肉注射多剂量青霉素G药物动力学的影响

本文报道猪链球菌病对肌肉注射多剂量青霉素G钾（15000IU/kg,每隔12h肌注1次,连续给药5次）在猪体内血清浓度和药物动力学影响的研究。通过皮下接种9-10亿个菌落形成单位的猪链球菌,人工诱发猪链球菌病。发病猪给药前的直肠体温比正常时至少升高1.5℃,第一次给药后8h内感染猪的直肠温度仍显著升高（P＜0.05或0.01）,并可观察到其他临床症状。给药后的不同时间间隔从前腔静脉采血,用微生物法测定血清青霉素G的浓度。病猪第一次给药和第五次给药后的血药浓度--时间数据用MCPKP计算机程序处理,均符合一级吸收二室开放模型。病猪第一次及第五次给药的主要药物动力学参数（平均值±标准差）分别是：t#-(1/2α)0.66±0.15及0.59±0.17h;t#-(1/2β)1.87±0.55及2.18±0.97h;t#-(1/2ka)0.35±0.05及0.20±0.09h（P＜0.05）;t#-(max)0.71±0.10及0.48±0.11h（P＜0.05）;C#-(max)7.48±0.97及9.04±0.62IU/ml（P＜0.01）;AUC16.84±1.64及16.42±1.65I U·h/ml,Tcp(ther)11.72±3.33及12.41±3.62h;笔者对引起病猪第一次及第五次给药的某些药物动力学参数有显著差异的原因进行了探讨。     

链球菌病猪治疗前后的血液学变化

取健康杂种猪7头(37.1±2.9ks),人工复材猪链球菌病,探讨本病在发生和发展过程中动物血液成分的变化规律,每猪在皮下接种猪链球菌12.5亿(活菌数)后第5和10天,血液出现以出血性贫血、低血浆蛋白血症和高白细胞血症为特征的病理变化,且并发血沉速率和血小板数升高等反应,虽然发病过程中病猪血中的淋巴细胞和嗜中性细胞的比例无明显变化,但淋巴细胞中的T-细胞明显减少,B-细胞明显增加,活细胞数显著减少,死细胞数显著升高(p<0.05),白细胞的这些变化与机体的免疫反应相关联,颇具特征,从接种后第9天起,连续6天、每天两次给动物静注磺胺二甲嘧啶+TMP,能明显改善患猪的血液学状况,提高机体的抵抗力,使动物得到康复。本研究对阐明机体、病原和药物三者之间的关系有参考意义。     

猪链球菌病的诊断与防治

猪链球菌病是由多种溶血性链球菌引起的猪的一种多型性疫病,是人畜共患的急性、热性传染病。临床上表现主要有败血症型、脑膜炎型、关节炎型、淋巴结脓肿型。猪链球菌病是世界各地的常见病,危害严重,在我国已流行多年。该文主要就诊断及防治措施等方面对猪链球菌作一概述,以期为科学防治提供参考。     

Susceptibility of freshwater rearing Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) to pathogenic Streptococcus iniae

Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) has been recognized as an economically important aquaculture species which can be adapted to and cultivated in wide range of salinities. The number of freshwater intensive seabass farms in Thailand is increasing annually. Here, we first describe the susceptibility of Asian seabass, which were cultured in freshwater, to Streptococcus inae (SI) and their pathological changes. Three isolates of putative SI were identified using a combination of standard biochemical assays and species‐specific PCR prior subjected to in vivo challenge. Accumulated mortalities of the fish which received 10⁷ CFU fish^?1 of either SI1J, SI SGSA or SI2J were 90%, 90% and 100% at 7 days‐post infection (dpi), respectively, and mortalities increased sharply between 3 and 5 dpi. Clinical signs such as erratic swimming and opaque eyes were identified from a few infected fish, while most died rapidly without any abnormal signs. Histopathological manifestations were observed in the multiple organs (kidney, liver and brain). Haemorrhage, hyperhemia, cellular degeneration and inflammatory cells infiltration were commonly found within the internal organs. Notably, the formation of numerous encyst‐like lesion aggregated by eosinophilic cells, resembling macrophages, were typically found in the brain of the infected fish. Summarily, this study first revealed that freshwater reared Asian seabass is highly susceptible to SI infection and haemorrhagic septicaemia was a major pathological change that could be found in the infected fish.     

中草药对猪链球菌病的预防试验

链球菌病是猪的一种常见性传染病,该病在我国已流行多年。近年来我国爆发的高致病猪链球菌病,给养猪业带来了很大危害。高致病链球菌病是人畜共患性疾病,引起了世界各国的高度重视。本试验选用中药对猪链球菌病进行预防试验,试验结果表明,中药预防组的发病率为6．7％,无链球菌发生;西药预防组的发病率为20％,其中有2头发生链球菌病,说明中药在临床上可对多种疾病有预防作用。而且效果优于西药,P〉0．01。     

Comparative single‐dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered florfenicol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss,Walbaum, 1792) at health and experimental infection with Streptococcus iniae or Lactococcus garvieae

This study evaluates changes in the pharmacokinetic behavior of a single oral dose of florfenicol in rainbow trouts experimentally infected with Lactococcus garvieae or Streptococcus iniae. One hundred and fifty fish were randomly divided into three equal groups: 1—healthy fish, 2—fish inoculated with S. iniae (2.87 × 10⁷ CFU/ml, i.p.), and 3—fish inoculated with L. garvieae (6.8 × 10⁵ CFU/ml, i.p.). Florfenicol was administered to all groups at 15 mg/kg by oral gavage. Blood sampling was performed at 0, 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr after drug administration to each group, and plasma concentration of florfenicol was assayed by HPLC method. The MICs of florfenicol were 1.2 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml against L. garviae and S. iniae, respectively. Healthy fish showed higher values for most of the PK/PD parameters as compared to fish infected with L. garvieae which was reversed in fish infected with S. iniae. Fish infected with L. garvieae showed decreased relative bioavailability accompanied by increased volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vd_ss) and total body clearance (Cl_B)_. Infection with S. iniae increased the peak concentration of drug after administration (Cmax) and decreased elimination half‐life (T_{1/2 β})_, central compartment volume (V_c), and Vd_ss. In conclusion, infection with these bacteria can affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of florfenicol in rainbow trouts as shown by decreased bioavailability and increased total body clearance and volume of distribution in L. garvieae infection and decreased volume of distribution accompanied by increased Cmax in S. iniae‐infected fish.