Asystole associated with cerebrospinal fluid collection in a 3-month-old foal under general anaesthesia

A 3-month-old colt foal presented to the Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital for investigation of progressive neurological signs. Diagnostic investigation included cerebrospinal fluid collection, which was performed under general anaesthesia. During this procedure, severe bradycardia which progressed to asystole occurred. Initial resuscitation was successful; however, the foal had clinical signs consistent with cerebral hypoxia post-resuscitation and was euthanased the following day due to deterioration of neurological function. Asystole was presumed due to a Cushing-type reflex as a result of changes in intracranial pressure during the sampling procedure.     

Cerebrospinal Fluid Eosinophilia in Dogs

Background: Marked eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis (EME) is rarely reported in dogs and the cause is usually undetermined. Long-term prognosis for dogs with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eosinophilia is variable.
Animals: Twenty-three client-owned dogs.
Methods: Retrospective case series. Dogs with eosinophilic CSF, defined as total nucleated cell count (TNCC) >3 cells/μL with >20% eosinophils, were identified by a computerized search of all dogs having cisternal and/or lumbar CSF analyzed as part of the diagnostic workup between 1992 and 2007.
Results: TNCC in CSF ranged from 4 to 4,740 cells/μL (median 84 cells/μL, reference range ≤3 cells/μL), with 22 to 95% (median 78%) eosinophils in the differential count. An infectious agent was identified on necropsy in 4 of 23 (17%) dogs ( Cryptococcus neoformans [n = 2], Neospora caninum [n = 1], and Baylisascaris procyonis [n = 1]). Each of these dogs had progressive neurologic deterioration. Sixteen dogs had idiopathic EME. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were abnormal in 7 of 13 dogs with EME; 2 dogs had focal lesions and 5 dogs had multifocal lesions. Clinical signs in 12 of 16 (75%) dogs with idiopathic EME resolved with prednisone treatment. Three dogs with acute intervertebral disc herniations recovered after decompressive surgery alone.
Conclusions: Idiopathic EME is a common cause of eosinophilic pleocytosis in dogs. MRI findings are variable. Infectious causes of EME were less common and had a poor prognosis.     

猪瘟、猪口蹄疫、高致病性猪蓝耳病疫苗有效免疫试验初探

为推广猪瘟、猪口蹄疫和高致病性猪蓝耳病3种疫苗有效免疫,在前期开展"猪瘟疫苗(脾淋源)、猪O型口蹄疫疫苗和高致病性猪蓝耳病疫苗有效免疫试验"确定新的免疫程序基础上进行扩大试验,进一步验证猪瘟疫苗1头份免疫剂量足以产生可靠的免疫保护;先免疫接种猪瘟疫苗,1周后免疫接种口蹄疫和高致病性猪蓝耳病疫苗,二者有明显的协同促进作用,适宜在农村散户中使用;3种疫苗同时分点注射,相互之间干扰较大,猪瘟病毒抗体产生时间推迟,不宜推广使用。     

Nutritional and metabolic aspects of fatty liver disease in poultry

Summary

There are two metabolic disorders of major commercial importance in poultry that involve the occurrence of fatty deposits in the liver. Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS) affects young birds and the main manifestations, lipid infiltrations into liver and many other organs, are apparently secondary effects of the primary lesion that lies in carbohydrate metabolism. Although several nutritional and environmental factors influence FLKS, the main factor is the vitamin, biotin. In the absence of an adequate supply of biotin, the hepatic activity of pyruvate carboxylase, a biotin‐dependent enzyme, becomes so low that gluconeogenesis in the liver via pyruvate becomes negligible. When the bird is then subject to a mild stress and 1or short term fasting, liver glycogen reserves become rapidly depleted and a progressive hypoglycaemia develops that ultimately proves fatal. Supplementing diets with adequate amounts of biotin can prevent the syndrome.

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) is brought about by an excessive accumulation of fat in the livers of adult hens which weakens the cellular structure of the liver and allows fatal haemorrhaging to occur. The aetiology of the syndrome is not clear, but a major factor is an excessive intake of dietary energy. However, Me involvement of hormonal and toxicological factors, as well as other nutritional factors, is also possible.     

不同剂量的猪瘟活疫苗单次免疫效果评价及疫苗存留试验

用1 200 RID、6 000 RID和24 000 RID 3种不同剂量的猪瘟活疫苗单次免疫9头30日龄的断奶仔猪,检测试验猪的抗体消长和疫苗毒核酸在猪体内的存留时间,并用6头猪进行攻毒保护试验.结果表明:不同免疫剂量的试验猪其抗体水平的动态变化没有显著差异,免疫后21 d试验猪的猪瘟抗体均成阳性,63 d后至578 d猪瘟抗体阻断率仍然高于85％,应用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测,猪瘟疫苗毒核酸在猪血液和扁桃体中的检出时间分别达28 d和42 d;免疫后370 d进行猪瘟强毒攻击后,免疫猪没有出现明显的临床症状,存活且不带毒.本研究证实,没有其他疫病和母源抗体的仔猪单次接种合理剂量的猪瘟活疫苗就能产生坚强的保护力,提出加强种猪场各种病原监测,淘汰病原阳性种猪,净化种猪群对提高猪瘟疫苗免疫效果,最终控制猪瘟具有重要意义.     

2010年上半年11省市规模猪场疫病监测与剖析

为了解近期发病猪场几种病毒性疫病的流行状况,采用RT-PCR和PCR方法,对2010年1月至6月期间,来自11省(市) 50个猪场共147份病料进行猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（HP-PRRSV）、伪狂犬病毒（PRV）和猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）检测,并采用ELISA方法对其中26个猪场458份血清样品进行伪狂犬gE野毒抗体检测。结果表明,PCV2阳性率最高,为75.3%（70/93）;PRRSV阳性率次之,为57.4%（78/136）,HP-PRRSV阳性率为43.5%（54/124）;CSFV和PRV的阳性率分别为37.7%（52/138）和21.0%（21/100）;伪狂犬gE野毒抗体阳性率为16.4%（75/458）。同时检出2种及2种以上病毒的样品占46.9%（69/147）,其中以HP-PRRSV+PCV2、CSFV+PCV2及CSFV+HP-PRRSV+PCV2三种形式最为常见。PRRSV（50.0%）是猪场繁殖障碍性疾病中的最常见病原;CSFV（56.0%）和PCV2（48.0%）是断奶前后仔猪腹泻的常见病原;HP-PRRSV（53.5%）、CSFV（50.7%）和PCV2（48.0%）是保育猪发生高热症的常见病原。该检测结果为猪场疫病的诊断与防控提供了参考。     

某猪场猪瘟免疫程序的调整及免疫效果评价

为了更好地预防和控制猪瘟,找出适合四川某猪场的猪瘟免疫程序,笔者根据实际情况对免疫程序进行了调整。然后用ELISA和IHA法对免疫程序调整前后的不同日龄猪血清进行了抗体检测,结果显示:调整前用ELISA法检测到3日龄、25日龄、50日龄、90日龄和120日龄猪只的猪瘟抗体阳性率分别为80%、54.54%、77.78%、80%和95%,用IHA法测得的阳性率分别为100%、63.64%、77.78%、90%和95%;调整后用ELISA法测得的猪瘟抗体阳性率分别为100%、80%、77.27%、77.78%和95%,用正向IHA法测得的抗体阳性率分别为97.73%、94.44%、96.15%、100%和100%。调整前用ELISA和IHA测得的平均阳性率为77.46%、85.28%,调整后则变为86.01%、97.66%,虽然均符合农业部颁布的猪群猪瘟抗体阳性率应不低于70%的标准,但免疫程序调整后的抗体阳性率明显高于调整前,可见调整后的免疫程序更适合于该猪场。     

猪蓝耳病和猪瘟疫苗免疫后抗体检测分析

[目的]仔猪在14日龄接种蓝耳病毒疫苗,25日龄接种猪瘟疫苗,检测接种蓝耳病疫苗和猪瘟疫苗后的免疫合格率。[方法]采用猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪瘟病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒检测抗体表达量。[结果]猪蓝耳病疫苗免疫3 d后,6.7%免疫个体为抗体阳性,免疫7 d后,26.7%免疫个体为抗体阳性,免疫14 d后,85%免疫个体为抗体阳性,免疫后30 d 100%免疫个体为抗体阳性;猪瘟疫苗免疫3 d后,13%免疫个体为抗体阳性,免疫7 d后,40%免疫个体为抗体阳性,免疫14 d后,58.3%免疫个体为抗体阳性,免疫30 d后,83.3%免疫个体为抗体阳性。[结论]仔猪在蓝耳病疫苗免疫3 d后抗体效价最低,30 d后免疫效果很好,接种猪瘟疫苗3 d后抗体效价最低,仔猪不足以抵抗病毒侵袭,虽然蓝耳病疫苗和猪瘟疫苗接种后30 d,抗体水平都达到了农业部规定的70%的标准,但是猪瘟疫苗免疫效果不能达到100%理想效果。     

猪瘟病毒E2基因DNA疫苗的试验研究

用构建的E2-pcDNA4.0 DNA疫苗对Balb/c小鼠、家兔和仔猪进行免疫,经3次肌肉接种,间隔15 d免疫后,测定抗体水平.结果表明,构建的DNA疫苗能诱导小鼠产生中和性抗体,免疫家兔最少可抵抗10个最小感染剂量(M ID)的猪瘟兔化弱毒苗的攻击.攻毒试验结果表明,E2-pcDNA4.0 DNA疫苗可抵抗致死剂量的CSFV石门株强毒的攻击.