阿维菌素.噻嗪酮不同药量对柑桔粉虱的防治效果研究

为了探讨阿维菌素?噻嗪酮悬浮剂对柑桔粉虱的防治效果，本文选用15%阿维菌素?噻嗪酮悬浮剂等6种不同药剂处理，在广西桂林地区对柑桔粉虱进行防治效果试验。阿维菌素?噻嗪酮悬浮剂对柑桔粉虱1-2龄幼虫有较好的防治效果，药后15天供试低、中、高三浓度等防治效果分别为72.5%、81.3%、85.9%，对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素乳油、25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂、3%莫比朗乳油等防治效果分别为89.5%、81.8%、80.5%。     

梨中AVERMECTIN B1残留的酶联免疫吸附测定

本文建立了检测梨中Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ Ｂ１的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）。以结合物４″－Ｏ－（单）琥珀酰Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ Ｂ１－ＢＳＡ免疫家兔，制备特异性针对Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ Ｂ１的多克隆抗体。梨样本经甲醇提取后用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测。在６．０￣６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ添加浓度范围内，Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ Ｂ１的回收率为８６％￣１０５％，变异系数（ＣＶ）为４％￣８％。样本检测限为０．１ｍｇ／     

阿维菌素对藏猪胃肠道寄生线虫的驱杀试验

将自然感染的藏仔猪12头随机分为2组,第1组用阿维菌素注射液治疗,第2组用盐酸左旋咪唑治疗作为对照.结果表明：注射阿维菌素试验藏仔猪用药5 d后对线虫虫卵减少率为84.6%,10 d后对线虫虫卵减少率为100%;注射左旋咪唑试验组用药5 d后对线虫虫卵减少率为8 3.7%,10 d后对线虫虫卵减少率为98.0%.二者差异不显著（P＞0.05）。     

玉树地区牦牛皮蝇蛆病防治效果观察

采用阿维菌素泼背剂对306头幼年牦牛进行牛皮蝇病的防治,并于2007年4月进行了防治效果的考察,结果防治群感染率为阴性,而对照群的感染率为99.33%,感染强度4.77个瘤包/牛。     

氧化乐果和阿维菌素对大叶黄杨叶表蜡质层的影响

选用阿维菌素和氧化乐果喷施到大叶黄杨上,利用氯仿法测定了大叶黄杨叶表的蜡质含量。其结果表明,供试农药对大叶黄杨叶表蜡质层含量均有显著影响,其中以阿维菌素影响较大,氧化乐果影响较小。     

抗阿维菌素抗体的研制

本文合成了二个模拟阿维菌素特征结构的半抗原，４‘＝Ｏ－（单）琥珀酰阿维菌素和５－Ｏ－（单）琥珀酰阿维菌素。将半抗原与载体蛋白连接，制成人工抗原。     

羊注射疫苗的同时注射阿维菌素对其消化道线虫驱除效果的观察

选用羊三联四防疫苗(1头份)和1％阿维菌素注射液(按0．2m/L10kg)混合皮下注射,并分别与注射羊三联四防疫苗防病和用1％阿维菌素驱虫效果比较,结果无明显差异,对羊无毒副作用,可在生产实践中大力推广使用。     

阿维菌素在草鱼体内的药物代谢动力学研究

【目的】研究阿维菌素在草鱼体内的药物代谢动力学,为实际生产中阿维菌素的使用提供理论指导。【方法】用初始质量浓度为0.3 μg/L的阿维菌素水溶液药浴草鱼,于给药后0.5,1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,24,48,72,96,144,216,336,528和576 h采取血浆、肌肉+皮、肝脏、肾脏、鳃等样品,采用高效液相色谱荧光法测定阿维菌素在草鱼血浆中的质量浓度及在组织中的含量,数据经3P97药动学软件分析。【结果】在(26.0±1.0) ℃的水温条件下,阿维菌素单剂量浸泡给药0.3 μg/L,血药经时过程符合二室开放式模型。主要药动学参数如下：分布半衰期(T_1/2α)34.2 h,吸收半衰期(T_1/2(ka))15.61 h,消除半衰期(T_1/2β)163.22 h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)2 486.02 (μg·h)/L,达峰时间(T_peak)40.75 h,峰质量浓度(C_max)11.92 μg/L。药后72 h时草鱼肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和鳃中阿维菌素含量均达到最高值,其中肝脏中的含量最高,达到17.8 μg/kg,其后依次为肾脏(12.1 μg/kg)、肌肉(10.7 μg/kg)和鳃组织(5.2 μg/kg),血浆中阿维菌素含量在48 h达到最高(11.2 μg/L)。肝脏、肾脏和鳃组织中阿维菌素含量均呈“双峰”曲线,前两者在144 h时都有第2次吸收高峰,分别为15.0和8.4 μg/kg。【结论】草鱼血浆及各组织中阿维菌素在给药后24 d未检出,考虑到临床应用情况的复杂性及理论值与实测值之间的差距,建议对草鱼单剂量(0.3 μg/L)药浴阿维菌素后的休药期为24 d。     

Sublethal effect of avermectin and acetamiprid on the mortality of different life stages of Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Hispidae) and its larvae parasitoid Asecodes hispinarum Bouček (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

The beneficial parasitoid Asecodes hispinarum Bouček plays an important role in integrated pest management (IPM) of the coconut leaf beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro), in China. A. hispinarum females parasitize 3rd to 4th instars B. longissima larvae. Hatched parasitoid larvae develop within the host, and parasitoid adults emerge through holes that they chew through the cuticle of the host. Although chemicals serve as the main short term control agents, the compatibility of biological and chemical control has never been investigated for this system. This study examined the responses of immature and adult B. longissima and its larval parasitoid A. hispinarum to avermectin and acetamiprid. Avermectin caused complete mortality of 2nd to 4th instar larvae, and of adults of B. longissima at 10, 15 and 2 d after treatment, respectively. However, 26.7% of the 2nd instar larvae, 55.3% of the 4th instar larvae, and 74%, of adult B. longissima were still alive 40 d after acetamiprid application. Following avermectin exposure, 17.5%, 9.2% and 23% of mummified B. longissima larvae contained viable adult parasitoids for the parasitoid egg, larva and pupa treatments, respectively, and the numbers of dead parasitoids per mummy were 3.3, 7.2 and 13.3 for the egg, larva and adult treatments, respectively. However, for acetamiprid treatment, 70–75.9% of mummified B. longissima larvae contained viable adult parasitoids in all three stage treatments, and the number of dead parasitoids per mummy was 2.8, 2 and 3.4 in egg, larva and adult treatments, respectively. This study showed that a sublethal dose of avermectin is more toxic than acetamiprid to B. longissima and A. hispinarum. Therefore, direct contact of the parasitoid with avermectin should be avoided when this insecticide is used to control B. longissima.     

药浴暴露下阿维菌素在异育银鲫体内蓄积和消除规律

采用UPLC-MS/MS法研究了2μg·L-1三次连续水体药浴和6μg·L-1一次性水体药浴条件下阿维菌素在水体中消除、在异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)体内蓄积和消除变化规律。结果显示,两种药浴暴露方式下阿维菌素在水体中消除呈一级指数衰退消除,消除半衰期(t1/2)均为63 h,240 h时浓度下降到0.5μg·L-1以下。阿维菌素在异育银鲫血浆和肌肉中的含量均呈先升高后下降的趋势,血浆中药物浓度远高于肌肉中的含量。2μg·L-1连续三次药浴组和6μg·L-1一次药浴组血药峰浓度(Cmax)分别为34.97、66.62μg·L-1,其曲线下面积(AUC0-t)分别为9 871.2μg·L-1·h和18 119.6μg·L-1·h;两组药浴肌肉中达峰浓度分别4.42μg·kg-1和15.80μg·kg-1,其AUC0-t分别为641.9μg·kg-1·h和4 271.0μg·kg-1·h。与2μg·L-1连续三次药浴组相比,6μg·L-1一次药浴组阿维菌素在血浆和肌肉中的蓄积作用更加显著。以10μg·kg-1作为阿维菌素在异育银鲫肌肉中最大残留限量,选择95%的置信区间计算异育银鲫肌肉组织中休药期,本研究中2μg·L-1连续三次药浴组肌肉的休药期为295.4 h,6μg·L-1一次药浴组肌肉的休药期为454.5 h。