酒糟和醋糟营养成分差异及其瘤胃降解特性分析

本试验旨在评价酒糟、醋糟等非常规饲料资源的饲用价值，为酒糟醋糟资源应用于肉牛养殖提供数据参考。试验选用山西不同地区酒糟、醋糟试样5个，试样编号分别为白酒糟、啤酒糟、醋糟1、醋糟2、醋糟3，发酵原料分别为白酒糟（高粱）、啤酒糟（大麦+大米）、醋糟1（高粱+大麦）、醋糟2（大麦+玉米）、醋糟3（高粱+玉米）。通过实验室常规方法测定样品常规营养成分以及利用体外产气法和尼龙袋法评价其饲用价值，同时建立体外法与尼龙袋法测定干物质降解率的回归方程。结果表明：5个样品的干物质（DM）含量为23.25% ~ 42.96%，粗蛋白质（CP）含量分别为啤酒糟（31.84%）>白酒糟（14.58%）>醋糟3（14.40%）>醋糟1（12.21%）>醋糟2（8.46%）。醋糟1的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量均为最高，其次为醋糟2、醋糟3，白酒糟NDF含量最低。啤酒糟的72 h产气量（GP72）显著高于白酒糟（P < 0.05）。体外产气法和尼龙袋法测定的酒糟72 h干物质降解率（IVDMD72、DMD72）显著高于醋糟（P < 0.05）。5个试样的IVDMD72与DMD成正相关，随着降解时间增加其相关性逐渐增加。综上，酒糟的CP含量较高（14.58% ~ 31.84%），醋糟NDF、ADF含量相对较高（59.59% ~ 64.91%，38.78% ~ 54.78%）。结合GP、IVDMD及DMD结果，酒糟消化性能优于醋糟。以IVDMD建立估算DMD的回归公式为DMD72=-19.215+1.645IVDMD72（R2=0.912，P < 0.05）|以IVDMD建立估算DM有效降解率（ED）的回归公式为ED=-12.448+1.045IVDMD72（R2=0.929，P < 0.01）。 [关键词] 醋糟|酒糟|体外产气法|尼龙袋法     

固态发酵醋糟饲料对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究固态发酵醋糟饲料(SFVD)对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量的影响。选择体况相近[(59.04±0.33)kg]的健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长育肥猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg土霉素钙,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+5%的SFVD。预试期6 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪平均日采食量(ADFI)具有一定的促进趋势(P=0.056);显著降低了育肥猪饲粮中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、有机物(OM)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P<0.05),对粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率有一定的促进趋势(P=0.052);显著提高了育肥猪血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.055和P=0.077);显著提高了育肥猪粪便中丙酸含量(P<0.05),粪便中甲酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.071和P=0.054)。由此可见,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪生长性能、肠道健康及免疫性能的提高具有潜在的促进作用。     

五粮液所得税纳税筹划案例分析

在我国,白酒有着悠久的生产历史,白酒酒行业是我国最古老的行业之一,一直是国家限制发展的产业,由于白酒行业独特的酿造过程和产品工艺,我国对把酒行业的税收着重关注,造成了白酒行业的税负过重,超出了其他轻工业。在我国现阶段,白酒行业税收流失严重,手段多种多样,这严重阻碍了我国对税收的管理。作为我国重要发展行业,白酒行业用采取合法、科学的手段进行纳税筹划,降低企业税收负担。以促进企业更加健康的发展。文章以宜宾五粮液股份有限公司为例,对白酒行业进行所得税的纳税筹划分析。     

发酵木薯酒精糟对生产猪生产性能及营养物质消化的影响

试验研究不同水平的发酵木薯酒精糟对生长猪生产性能的影响。选择200头初始体重约(26.35±0.43)kg的生长猪,随机分为5个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。5个处理组分别为:A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B组、C组和D组分别为发酵木薯酒精糟用量为2%、6%和15%的配合日粮组,E组则为用发酵木薯酒精糟直接替代6%基础日粮的混合日粮组。结果表明,B组和C组的日增重较A组分别提高了6.45%(P0.05)和4.84%(P0.05),各试验组料肉比均低于对照组,分别降低了7.48%、9.06%、5.12%和0.39%。日粮中添加发酵木薯酒精糟后有效改善了营养物质消化率,B组、C组、D组及E组干物质消化率较对照组分别提高了8.62%(P0.05)、7.50%(P0.05)、4.75%(P0.05)和5.26%(P0.05);粗蛋白消化率较对照组分别提高了11.43%(P0.05)、9.50%(P0.05)、9.61%(P0.05)和10.61%(P0.05);粗脂肪消化率较对照组分别提高了15.66%(P0.05)、15.86%(P0.05)、12.98%(P0.05)和14.10%(P0.05);钙的消化率则较对照组分别提高了10.46%(P0.05)、6.50%(P0.05)、6.93%(P0.05)和10.60%(P0.05)。B组、C组、D组及E组较A组的养殖效益均有所提高,每千克饲料的增重成本分别降低了0.683、0.833、0.523元和0.238元,其中使用处理C组饲料的效益最好。本试验结果说明,生长猪日粮中发酵木薯酒精糟的适宜添加量为2%~6%,能有效提高猪的生产性能和养殖效益。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Brewer's Grain or Fermented Brewer's Grain on Growth Performance,Immune Organ Index and Intestinal Flora of Meat Geese

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal replaced by brewer's grain (BSG) or fermented brewer's grain (FBSG) on growth performance,immune organ index and intestinal flora of meat geese.A total of 250 geese at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed a basal diet (with soybean);The geese in groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% BSG replacing the soybean,respectively;The geese in groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% FBSG replacing the soybean,respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days,including three phases:15 d (early stage),14 d (middle stage) and 14 d (later stage).The results showed as follows:①From the whole experiment period,compared with control group,the ADG of geese in group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05),the ADG and ADFI of geese in group 4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),there were no obvious change in growth performance of geese in groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the thymus index and spleen index of geese in groups 1,2 and 3 were extremely significantly increased at early stage (P<0.01);At middle and later stages,the spleen index of geese in group 2 were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01);There were no significant differences in bursa of fabricius index of geese among all groups (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly decreased at early and later stages (P<0.01),while the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were increased in different degrees;the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in cecum in groups 3 and 4 were extremely significantly increased at later stage (P<0.01).In conclusion,10% BSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora of meat geese;10% FBSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria of meat geese,but had no effect on growth performance;While 20% replacing soybean in the basal diet could decrease the feed intake and weight gain of meat geese,hinder its growth and development.     

如何酿制清明酒

清明酒是地处鄱阳湖畔的江西省新建县大塘乡民间酿制的一种特色酒。它的制造工艺既不同于传统的白酒,又不像一般的酿造酒(如黄酒和葡萄酒)。它的酒度适中,颜色红里透黑,品尝时有浓香、醇和、甘甜、回味长的特点。过去每年清明节前后,气温适宜,官宦     

10款腌小菜的制法

一、腌洋葱1.材料:洋葱400克。选购时以果肉硬、坠手、干身而表皮光滑者最新鲜。若手捏发软为内部已腐烂,勿选,也不可采用未成熟的洋葱。2.调料:白醋100克,味啉75克,白糖、鱼露、橄榄油各50克,高粱白酒20克,精盐适量。3.做法:①泮葱剥去外皮,切成两半,再横切成粗丝,抖散后入盆静置15     

用姜块蘸酒刮肩颈降血压

刮痧具有调心气、活心血、降血压的作用。夏季通于心，人心气较盛，加之此时人“卫气外浮”，所以高血压患者适宜在夏季刮痧。刮痧除了用刮痧板、刮痧油外，还可在家就地取材，用蘸上白酒（40度左右）、切得比较方正的姜块来刮，因为从活血化淤的角度来考虑，姜块蘸酒刮痧最好。     

四川省启动粮油白酒牛奶质量追溯体系建设

<正>据近日在成都举行的全省食品药品监督管理暨廉政建设工作会议上获悉,继2014年我省全面启动猪肉追溯体系建设后,2015年我省将拓展启动粮油、白酒、牛奶等重点产品质量安全追溯体系建设,全面推进药品生产经营企业电子监管,并开展白酒质量安全和中药饮片两大专项整治。副省长陈文华出席会议并讲话。会议透露,2014年我省没有发生重大食品药品安全责任事故,一般事故总数同比减少14%,食品、药械总体合格率分别达到97.11%和99.30%,继续保持了我省食品药品安全形势有序可控、总体稳定