基于双向电泳技术研究湖羊初乳和常乳乳蛋白质组差异

试验旨在分析绵羊初乳和常乳乳蛋白质组的差异，揭示绵羊不同泌乳阶段的乳蛋白质组特征。选用6只胎次相同、预产期相近的湖羊母羊，分别采集分娩后第1、3、7天的初乳和第14、28、56天的常乳，每个时间点采集6份奶样并等体积混合，离心弃去乳脂肪，采用双向电泳（2-DE）技术对初乳和常乳的脱脂乳蛋白进行比较分析。结果发现，初乳中乳蛋白含量较高，且随着泌乳期的延伸，乳蛋白含量降低。以第1天乳蛋白2-DE图谱为参照，第3天检测到38个差异蛋白点，其中有20个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第3天图谱中，其余17个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第7天检测到35个差异蛋白点，其中有19个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第7天图谱中，其余15个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第14天检测到34个差异蛋白点，其中有11个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第14天图谱中，其余22个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第28天检测到38个差异蛋白点，其中有28个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第28天图谱中，其余9个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第56天检测到36个差异蛋白点，其中有26个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第56天图谱中，其余9个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异。综上，共检测出44个差异表达的蛋白点，其中有8个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，而这些蛋白主要涉及免疫活性功能。     

浓核病毒感染早期家蚕血液、中肠蛋白表达差异比较分析

为了探明在浓核病毒镇江株（BmDNV-ZJ）侵染早期,家蚕部分组织蛋白所产生的免疫抵抗性变化机制,本实验采用差异蛋白质组学技术研究分析了BmDNV-ZJ感染早期,家蚕的中肠、血液组织中特异性表达的差异蛋白。实验结果表明：在浓核病毒侵染初期,感受性家蚕的中肠组织受病毒感染而得到特异性表达的蛋白可能为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂和巯基抗氧化酶蛋白,前者具有调控蛋白酶活性和细胞凋亡的功能,后者具有抗氧化的作用。血液组织受病毒感染诱导而产生的蛋白可能是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和类抗氧化酶蛋白,前者具有调控细胞凋亡的功能,后者具有抗氧化、消除自由基作用。由于试验中所得的差异蛋白点很少,这表明在BmDNV-ZJ感染早期,蚕体对浓核病毒的感染而产生的反应很小。蚕体可通过被侵染的中肠组织（浓核病毒感染的靶部位）P2及血液（免疫组织）共同产生一些抗氧化或调控细胞凋亡的酶蛋白等来抗击浓核病毒的侵染。     

2008～2009年国内外蜂王浆研究概况

对2008～2009年国内外蜂王浆的研究和专利公开情况进行了综述。从年度、地域和研究领域等方面对研究情况进行了统计和比较,就蜂王浆的成分测定、基因与蛋白质组分析、生理药理学功能验证和产业发展等方面的研究成果以及最新专利公开信息和新兴技术的应用情况进行了介绍,并对蜂王浆研究发展的趋势和方向进行了展望。     

富硒酵母对斑点叉尾鮰肝脏的毒性作用及蛋白质组学的影响

实验探讨了富硒酵母对斑点叉尾鮰肝脏的毒性作用及蛋白质组学的影响,结果表明,饲养56 d后正常组和有机硒组采用原子荧光法检测硒含量均值为0.15和0.81 mg/kg。H.E染色显示有机硒组肝细胞有明显的疏松化,部分发生脂肪变。通过二维凝胶电泳结合ImageMaster软件分析,鉴定出8个表达差异蛋白质点,其中3个在有机硒组表达上调,5个在有机硒组特异表达,经液相色谱串联质谱分析鉴定,这些蛋白质分别是伴侣蛋白TCP1-亚基8、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶、4SNcTudor蛋白、腺苷激酶、酮糖移转酶、丙氨酰-tRNA合成酶。富硒酵母饲料对斑点叉尾鮰肝具有明显的毒性效应,有机硒调控4SNc-Tudor蛋白,通过信号传导通道加强机体免疫。     

Identification of potential molecular markers for flower sex determination in Vernicia fordii

Vernicia fordii is cultivated as an important woody oil tree, with a long history in China. It is a monoecious and diclinous species. Altering the sex ratio to increase the number of female flowers would lead to better yields. The mechanism of flower development is, however, not yet clear. In this study, the proteins that are differentially expressed between male and female flowers were isolated using a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). A proteomic analysis led to the identification of 14 proteins, of which two were expressed specifically in male flowers and 10 in female flowers. Among the 10 female-specific proteins, aspartic proteinase, ascorbate peroxidase, and cyclophilin were thought to be involved in stamen abortion and gynoecium formation during the development of female flowers. Further results suggested that these proteins might be the sex-related proteins that are the potential molecular markers for flower sex determination in V. fordii.     

Comparison of methods for depletion of albumin and IgG from equine serum

Background: Disease‐specific biomarkers hold diagnostic promise in both human and veterinary medicine, but serum biomarkers in low concentrations may be masked by the presence of abundant proteins, mostly albumin and IgG. Methods to deplete albumin and IgG exist, but efficacy of these methods for depleting equine serum of these proteins has not been established. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if albumin and IgG could be depleted from equine serum using several commercially available kits and procedures. Methods: One‐dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by densitometry was used to determine percent of albumin, IgG, and both in pooled serum from 3 horses before and after application of 7 depletion methods. Repeatability was determined by applying the 2 best methods to serum samples from 6 grade horses. Results: For pooled serum, depletion rates varied from 35–90% for albumin and 0–94% for IgG. In the repeatability study, the ProteoExtract method combined with protein G Sepharose beads to remove additional IgG provided the best overall performance with 66% albumin depletion and 100% IgG depletion. A protocol using protein G Sepharose beads to remove IgG followed by ethanol precipitation of nonalbumin proteins with albumin remaining in the supernatant was the second most effective, with 85% albumin depletion and 55% IgG depletion. Although a multiprotein immunodepletion column effectively removed 90% of the albumin, the method was ineffective at removing IgG. Conclusion: Albumin and IgG removal kits optimized for human use have variable efficacy for equine serum. Combined use of the ProteoExtract kit and manual incubation with protein G Sepharose beads provided the most effective depletion.     

盐胁迫对燕麦叶片生理指标和差异蛋白组学的影响

为探讨盐胁迫对燕麦叶片生理指标及蛋白组的影响,对燕麦进行6d盐胁迫(摩尔浓度NaCl∶Na_2SO_4=1∶1)处理,测定CK与盐胁迫燕麦叶片MDA含量,SOD、POD活性与游离脯氨酸含量,并运用Label-Free技术分析叶片差异表达蛋白质。结果表明,盐胁迫下燕麦叶片MDA含量、SOD、POD活性分别较对照降低了16.7%、23.4%和21.2%,游离脯氨酸较对照升高1.12%;满足P-value≤0.05, ratio2的差异蛋白76个(51个蛋白上调表达, 25个蛋白下调表达);通过GO注释得到27个差异蛋白显著富集16个代谢路径,其中氧化还原过程为33.9%,level3统计富集的生物学过程有氧气结合和氧化还原酶活性;运用KEGG注释得到22个差异蛋白显著富集10个生化代谢途径,主要表现在内质网中的蛋白质加工、长寿调节途径、抗原处理和呈现、雌激素信号通路4个过程;STRING蛋白质互作网络显示21个差异蛋白中涉及翻译后修饰、蛋白质周转、分子伴侣功能的有10个,且HSP70(F2DYT5)和HSP90(F4Y589)可能在盐胁迫燕麦幼苗的调控中发挥重要作用。     

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of defense responses triggered by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani infection in rice

The soil-borne necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani is one of destructive fungi causing severe yield losses in various important crops. However, the host defense mechanisms against the invasion of this pathogen are poorly understood. In this study, we employed an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to investigate host proteins responsive to R. solani using the resistant rice cultivar YSBR1. As a whole, we identified 319 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) after inoculation of rice plants with R. solani. Functional categorization analysis indicates that these DAPs cover a broad range of functions. Notably, a substantial portion of the DAPs are involved in cell redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, or belong to pathogenesis-related proteins, indicating that these processes/proteins play important roles in host defense against R. solani. Interestingly, all of the DAPs involved in photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthetic processes, and part of the DAPs involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, show reduced accumulation after R. solani infection, suggesting that R. solani probably inhibits host photosynthetic system and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to facilitate infection and colonization. In conclusion, our results provide both valuable resources and new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice and R. solani interaction.