猪多潜能性维持因子5 cDNA全序列的克隆与分析

利用前期筛选出的一些与母猪妊娠相关的有价值的新候选基因,选取其中一个位于网络顶端的EST序列(CK455976),根据此EST序列设计引物,以母猪卵巢为材料提取总RNA,运用RT-PCR和RACE-PCR对其进行cDNA全序列克隆,得到多潜能性维持因子5(developmental pluripotency associated 5,DPPA5)基因cDNA全长596 bp,提交GenBank数据库,登录号为FJ436413.经序列分析发现,其中5'UTR长67 bp,3'UTR长175 bp,编码区长354 bp,编码117个氨基酸.同源性比对分析发现,该基因核苷酸序列与人、小鼠、猕猴和狗的DPPA5基因同源性分别为83%、70%、83%和80%;编码的氨基酸序列同源性分别为74%、55%、74%和69%.经生物信息学分析,预测出DPPA5的相对分子量约13.60 kD,等电点5.24,在约1～10、18～29、38～51、60～66和75～110位之间氨基酸存在亲水性区域,DPPA5蛋白主要存在于细胞膜外侧.     

Embryonic stem cells in fish: current status and perspectives

Totipotent embryonic stem (ES) cells represent a bridge that links in vitro and in vivo manipulations of animal genomes and have enormous potential for genetic engineering of livestock. We have recently established feeder cell-free conditions for culturing cells of midblastula embryos (MBE) of the medaka (Oryzias latipes) and obtained several stable cell lines that show all features of mouse ES cells in vitro. One of these lines, MES1, has been demonstrated to retain a diploid karyotype and can be induced to differentiate into various cell types in vitro. Upon microinjection into albino host blastulae, MES1 cells are able to form pigmented chimeras. Genotype-specific PCR analysis revealed that 90% of host blastulae transplanted with MES1 cells developed into chimeric fry. This high frequency was not compromised by cryostorage or DNA transfection of the donor cells. Transplantation of genetically labelled MES1 cells revealed a wide contribution to numerous organs derived from all three germ layers and differentiation into various types of functional cells. These ES properties of MES1 line was not abolished by stable gene transfer and long-term selection. Thus MES1 cells may represent a first promising cellular vehicle for the production of genetically modified fish. The genetic background has been found to have a profound effect on the efficacy of ES cell derivation and of chimera formation.     

动物胚胎干细胞的概念及特性

胚胎干细胞是从早期胚胎内细胞团或原始生殖细胞分离和克隆的具有全能性的细胞。其在动物克隆转基因动物的生产、基因结构与功能的研究以及细胞分化空的研究方面具有广泛的应用,对胚胎干细胞的概念特性以及胚胎干细胞特性之间的关系进行了论述。     

绵羊胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层用于培养人诱导性多能干细胞的效果研究

试验在体外分离培养1月龄绵羊胚胎成纤维细胞（sheep embryonic fibroblast，SEF），经丝裂霉素C处理后探讨其作为诱导性多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells，iPSC）体外培养饲养层的可行性。试验以SNL饲养层细胞为对照，人iPSC（hiPSC）为培养对象，通过形态学观察、碱性磷酸酶（AP）染色、以及实时荧光定量PCR和免疫细胞化学对hiPSC标志基因mRNA和蛋白表达的检测，比较了SEF细胞和SNL细胞作为干细胞饲养层的效果。结果表明，在试验期内，与SNL饲养层体外培养的hiPSC相似，SEF饲养层体外培养的hiPSC在形态上呈集落样生长，增殖速度快；AP染色呈蓝紫色，能够维持未分化状态；能正常表达多能性标志基因。两种饲养层细胞培养的hiPSC多能性标志基因c-Myc、Klf4、OCT4和SOX2 mRNA的表达以及OCT4、SOX2、SSEA4和TRA-1-60蛋白的表达并无显著差异（P>0.05）。本研究结果初步表明SEF可作为体外培养iPSC的饲养层细胞，为进一步建立可表达促生长因子的基因修饰SEF细胞系奠定了基础。     

Interspecies cell fusion between mouse embryonic stem cell and porcine pluripotent cell

In the area of stem cell research, fusion of somatic cells into pluripotent cells such as mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells induces reprogramming of the somatic nucleus and can be used to study the effect of trans-acting factors from the pluripotent cell on the pluripotent state of somatic nucleus. As many other groups, we previously established a porcine pluripotent cell line at a low potential. Therefore, here, we performed experiments to investigate if the fusion with mouse ES cell could improve the pluripotent state of porcine pluripotent cell. Our data showed that resultant mouse–porcine interspecies fused cells are AP positive, and could be passaged up to 20 passages. Different degrees of increases in expression of porcine pluripotent genes proved that pig-origin gene network can be programmed by mouse ES. Further differentiation study also confirmed these fused cells’ potential to form three germ layers. However, unexpectedly, we found that chromosome loss and aberrant (especially in porcine chromosomes) is severe after the cell fusion, implying that interspecies cell fusion may be not suitable to study porcine pluripotency without additional supportive conditions for genome stabilization.     

猪多潜能性维持因子5基因遗传多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

旨在研究猪多潜能性维持因子5( Dppa5)基因的遗传多态性及其与母猪繁殖性状的遗传效应.通过基因池测序的方法寻找该基因的突变位点,并采用PCR-RFLP进行基因型检测,最后将其与大白猪和北京黑猪的繁殖性状进行关联分析.结果表明:(1)在猪Dppa5基因外显子上存在2个错义突变位点(g.363 T＞C和g.844 G＞T).(2)2个位点在大白猪和北京黑猪上均表现出多态性.(3)2个位点对经产母猪的仔猪初生窝质量的影响显著,对总产仔数和产活仔数的影响不显著.结合已有的研究结果分析,可将该基因作为影响母猪繁殖性状的候选基因之一做进一步研究.     

Sall4表达调控及其启动子核心调控区的筛选

【目的】Sall4是一种锌指结构转录因子,对建立和维持动物多能干细胞具有重要意义。为探索猪 Sall4 的表达和转录调控机制,克隆了猪Sall4启动子,对其进行了功能验证和核心调控区的筛选。【方法】从猪基因组中克隆获得2.1 kb Sall4启动子片段,并构建相应的报告载体;将报告载体pE2.1转染不同种类的细胞,进行细胞特异性表达检测;采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测Sall4在猪不同组织和细胞中的表达变化;通过生物信息学方法,分析Sall4启动子上各种关键顺式作用元件和潜在的转录结合位点;将多能转录因子Oct4、Sox2、Klf4、Myc、Esrra/b和Smad与Sall4启动子共转染293T细胞,利用双萤光素酶报告系统检测Sall4启动子活性;采用DNA片段缺失的方法,构建一系列Sall4启动子片段缺失报告载体,将缺失片段载体分别转入293T细胞中,并利用双萤光素酶报告系统检测启动子的活性。【结果】Sall4在多能干细胞、生殖细胞和癌化肿瘤细胞中：包括P19、293T、CHO和Hela等细胞中特异性高表达。另外,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,Sall4的表达具有明显的组织特异性,其在猪iPS细胞和生殖相关组织,如睾丸和卵巢组织中表达最高,而在脑、心、肝和肌肉等组织中的表达较低,表明该基因与细胞多能性维持具有互作关系。应用JASPAR和GPMiner软件分析发现,Sall4启动子上有TATA box、GC box、CAAT box等顺式作用元件,以及Oct4、Sox2、Klf4、Myc、Esrra/b、Stat3和Smad等多能转录因子的预测结合位点。其中,Oct4、Sox2和TGF-beta信号通路因子对Sall4启动子活性有较显著的激活作用,与对照组比较Sall4启动子活性提高了3倍;而Klf4因子对Sall4启动子活性有一定的抑制作用。采用分段PCR的方法,对2.1 kb启动子进行了片段缺失,分别构建了pL2.1、 pL1.0和pL0.5等3个报告载体,检测结果发现,在pL2.1与pL1.0之间相差1 kb左右,但是启动子的活性没有显著差异。载体pL1.0与pL0.5之间多了486 bp片段,启动子活性提高了1倍多。另外,pL0.5的启动子活性与对照组比较提高了8倍。这些结果表明,猪Sall4启动子在-367 至-852 bp和-1 至-366 bp两个区域内存在核心调控区。【结论】克隆了猪Sall4启动子,证明Sall4的表达具有明显的组织特异性;Sall4启动子序列上存在众多潜在的转录因子结合位点和启动子核心调控域,是参与调控 Sall4 表达的重要序列,这些转录因子与Sall4相互作用对Sall4在多能细胞中的表达调控发挥重要作用。     

Establishment of a cell line from the kidney of black carp and its susceptibility to spring viremia of carp virus

In this study, we established and characterized a cell line derived from the kidney of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), which is an important freshwater aquaculture species. The cell line was designated as MPK and subcultured for more than 70 passages in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 28°C. MPK had a modal diploid chromosome number of 48. Moreover, a transient MPK transfection efficiency was up to 18% using a green fluorescent protein plasmid by a modified electroporation. In addition, the MPK cells showed susceptibility to spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), as demonstrated by the presence of severe cytopathic effects (CPEs) and increased viral RNA. Unexpectedly, the MPK cells expressed pluripotency‐associated genes such as nanog, oct4 and vasa, indicating that these are possibly adult stem cells. Taken together, we have established a stable cell line from kidney that may potentially be utilized as an in vitro platform for genetic modifications and host–pathogen analysis in black carp.     

小鼠ES细胞在不同饲养层上培养nanog基因的表达水平与生长行为的研究

观察小鼠ES-D3细胞在MEF、新生牛睾丸支持细胞(nBTSCs)和新生兔睾丸支持细胞(nRTSCs)饲养层上生长4dnanog基因的表达水平和生长行为。RT-PCR分析显示,MEF饲养层上培养4d的ES-D3nanog基因含量高;nBTSC饲养层上培养nanog基因表达较低;而RTSC饲养层上培养nanog基因表达最低。结果显示:不同饲养层上的ES-D3细胞集落形态和培养4d分化程度有差异。在MEF饲养层上的ES-D3细胞培养4d,集落形态仍然很规则,细胞间紧密,集落表面少见大细胞,AKP染色强阳性。在nBTSC饲养层上的ES-D3细胞,集落界限清晰,AKP染色显示,集落大部分细胞呈阳性,少数的细胞集落为弱阳性,可见集落表面分散有较多的大细胞。在nRTSC饲养层上的饲养层上的ES-D3,集落隆起不明显,集落界限不清晰,大部分集落形态不太规则,AKP染色显示集落中部分细胞呈阳性,少数的细胞集落为全阴性,集落表面有较少的大细胞,集落周围有伸出的成纤维细胞。