气候变化背景下舟山沿岸上升流区夏季水动力演变机制

全球变暖会对舟山沿岸上升流的驱动机制产生深远影响,继而作用于海域内的生态环境及渔业资源发生的变迁。使用三维海洋数值模型FVCOM,模拟研究了热通量、风场等气候环境因子变化下舟山沿岸上升流区夏季水动力及环境因子的分布特征。通过引入跃变检验方法来评估全球变暖对过去三十多年来舟山及其邻近海域的夏季海表温度的影响,发现在2016年前后发生了明显的跃变,跃变后海表温度相对于跃变前升高了约1 °C;热通量分析结果显示春季云量减小,短波辐射增加导致的海水热含量增加是夏季海水升温的重要原因;风速的时空变化表明舟山海域7月风速在近几十年有减弱的趋势。通过构建气候环境因子变化的敏感性数值模型实验探究了舟山沿岸上升流水动力的演变机制,结果表明海气热通量增加导致的表层海水吸热及平流热输运增加引起的海水层化加强会使得底层海水不易抬升;夏季风应力的减弱削弱了长江冲淡水低盐水舌的离岸扩展,导致上升流区上层海水的层化减弱,从而加强中下层海水向岸爬升,增加沿岸上升流的强度。     

布设间距对多孔方型人工鱼礁流场效应影响的数值模拟研究

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,研究了不同布设间距下,多孔方型人工鱼礁周围水流运动的规律,旨在为深入研究人工鱼礁的集鱼原理和海洋牧场建设中人工鱼礁的投放和布设提供更多参考。本研究采用了4种布设间距,分别为0.5、1、1.5和2倍鱼礁高度,基于计算机数值模拟技术,模拟了速度为0.8m/s的水流流经2个礁体的过程,分别观察鱼礁周围水流运动情况。结果显示,多孔方型人工鱼礁内部和周围存在缓流区、背涡流区、上升流区、死水区等有显著特征的区域;多孔方型人工鱼礁上升流的最大速度与来流速度的比值约为0.95倍;多孔方型人工鱼礁周围上升流最大抬升高度与鱼礁高度之比约为2.1;多孔方型人工鱼礁的结构在一定程度上为鱼礁周围的流态多样性提供了较有利的作用;多孔方型人工鱼礁的布设间距对2个鱼礁单体间的旋涡数量和旋涡方向有较大影响,也对涡量大小和涡量分布范围产生影响。研究表明,在一定范围内,布设间距越大,涡量越大,分布范围越广,但超过一定范围后,涡量不再增大,分布范围也不再扩大;多孔方型人工鱼礁的布设间距越大,背涡流在X方向和Y方向的影响面积越大。研究结果清晰地展现了不同布设间距下的人工鱼礁的流场效应,对在特定条件下进行人工鱼礁投放和布设具有重要意义。     

钓鱼岛近海的涡旋及其与马面鲀渔场的关系

本文根据1981—1984年各年春季(4月),绿鳍马面鲀产卵场的调查资料及产量统计资料,通过水温、盐度、密度σ_t比容偏差10~((?)δ)和地转流等海况要素,对钓鱼岛近海的涡旋特征、强度、位置变化及结合渔况进行分析研究。初步认为钓鱼岛东北海区即黑潮及其分支处附近,存在一气旋型涡旋,涡旋边缘的北侧和西侧流速较小,是马面鲀的过路渔场和产卵场。春季马面鲀的产卵场基本集中在钓鱼岛近海(26°N断面)的涡旋区及其西侧边缘的近底层,水温为17—18℃,盐度为34.6—34.8‰,比容偏差10~((?)δ)为270一290。若以涡旋底部的比容偏差10~((?)δ)作为衡量外洋水强弱的指标,则它与上海、舟山渔业公司4—5月份的马面鲀产量之间的相关系数为0.913;与马面鲀年总产量的相关为0.812。故认为该水文要素可提供渔获量预报的一项指标。马面鲀仔鱼基本沿涡旋周围的海流逐步向东北方向漂移。     

台湾海峡西北部海坛岛东南沿岸上升流对表层沉积硅藻的影响

[目的]探讨台湾海峡西北部海坛岛东南沿岸上升流对表层沉积硅藻的影响。[方法]以台湾海峡西北部海坛岛东南沿岸的表层沉积硅藻为材料,对其进行筛选、制片、观察,研究其属种分布特征和上升流对其的影响。[结果]按照表层沉积硅藻的丰度分布特征,将其分为三个研究区,以柱状小环藻、具槽直链藻和波状辐裥藻为主要的优势种群。结合温度、盐度的资料,可以得出海坛岛东南沿岸海域存在上升流。[结论]该研究为进一步探讨海坛岛东南沿岸海域表层沉积硅藻与上升流的关系提供了科学依据。     

浙江近海上升流季过程的初步研究

本文在前期工作的基础上,根据1981年6月、8月和10月三个专题航次调查的资料,对27°30′N—30°30′N;124°E以西海区的上升流过程进行了初步研究。描述了浙江近海温盐分布的基本特征、赤潮现象,讨论了涌升水的来源,介绍了余流的一般情况,给出了浙江沿岸上升流的强度,并且讨论了形成机理。最后简略地讨论了浙江近海上升流和渔场的关系。     

Larval fish distribution and retention in the Canary Current system during the weak upwelling season

The spatial distribution of fish larvae was studied in the Canaries‐African Coastal Transition Zone, outside the strong upwelling season. An onshore–offshore transition in the larval fish community structure was observed, from a coastal assemblage dominated by small pelagics (sardine, anchovy, mackerel), bounded by the upwelling front, to an offshore assemblage dominated by mesopelagic species (mainly Myctophidae, Phosichthydae, Gonostomatidae). Distribution of the neritic larvae was deeply influenced by the intense mesoscale activity found in the area, both horizontally (larvae were advected offshore but were always retained within the upwelling area) and vertically (larvae were deepened in the vicinity of two anticyclonic eddies). A combined effect of the upwelling front and a cyclonic–anticyclonic eddy dipole is likely the successful retention mechanism for these larvae. These results support the current belief that retention may be higher than previously thought in upwelling areas. Oceanic larvae were also collected in higher abundances near the front and an anticyclonic eddy. Neritic and oceanic larvae frequently showed a differentiated position in the water column, although they sometimes coexisted. Finally, larval connectivity between Islands within the Canary archipelago is suggested. The present study thus contributes to the understanding of the complex dispersal and retention processes in the Canaries‐African Coastal Transition Zone. However, results also highlight the poor knowledge of this region compared with the other three main Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems in terms of ichthyoplankton dynamics. The importance of routine monitoring programs of commercial and non‐commercial species in the area is emphasized.