Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Green Leafhopper in Rice

The inheritance of resistance to green leafhopper, Nephotettix impicticeps Ichi, was studied in 11 cultivars of rice, Oryza saliva L. These resistant cultivars were crossed with the susceptible cultivar ‘TN1’. The materials consisted of F₁, F₂ and F₃ populations including parents which were assessed by the bulk screening test. It was found that resistance in the cultivars TR36′, UPR254-35-3′-2′, ‘Jhingasail’, ‘Govind’, ‘RP825-45-1-3’, ‘MRC603-303’, ‘RD4’, and ‘Irat104 ’ was conditioned by a single dominant gene, whereas resistance in ‘Ptb8’ IR9805-97-1′, and ‘BG367-7’ was controlled by one recessive gene. The test on the allelic relationships of the resistance genes in the test cultivars with the known genes Glb1 and Glb2 revealed that the single dominant gene that conveyed the resistance in ‘UPR254-35-3-2’ and ‘Jhingasail’ was allelic to Glh1 and segregated independently of Glh2. The resistance in ‘Govind’ and ‘RP82S-45-1-3’ was governed by the Glh2 gene which was independent of Glh1. The test cultivars ‘IR36’;. ‘MRC603-303’, ‘RD4’. and Irat104 ’ had a dominant gene for resistance which was nonallelic to Glb1 and Glb2. The recessive gene which conditioned the resistance in ‘Ptb8’, ‘IR9805-97-1’, and ‘BG367-1’ segregated independently of Glh1 and Glh2. Eleven trisomics in an ‘TR36’ background were crossed with ‘Java’, a cultivar susceptible to green leafhopper. The segregation pattern of the F₂ and backcross generations revealed that the Glb6 gene was located on chromosome 5.     

Chromosomal location of fertility restoring genes for ‘wild abortive’ cytoplasmic male sterility using primary trisomics in rice

Summary Identification and location of fertility restoring genes facilitates their deployment in a hybrid breeding program involving cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system. The study aimed to locate fertility restorer genes of CMSWA system on specific chromosomes of rice using primary trisomics of IR36 (restorer), CMS (IR58025A) and maintainer (IR58025B) lines. Primary trisomic series (Triplo 1 to 12) was crossed as maternal parent with the maintainer line IR58025B. The selected trisomic and disomic F₁ plants were testcrossed as male parents with the CMS line IR58025A. Plants in testcross families derived from disomic F₁ plants (Group I crosses) were all diploid; however, in the testcross families derived from trisomic F₁ plants (Group II crosses), some trisomic plants were observed. Diploid plants in all testcross families were analyzed for pollen fertility using 1% IKI stain. All testeross families from Group I crosses segregated in the ratio of 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+partially sterile: 1 sterile plants indicating that fertility restoration was controlled by two independent dominant genes: one of the genes was stronger than the other. Testcross families from Group II crosses segregated in 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+ partially sterile: 1 sterile plants in crosses involving Triplo 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12, but families involving triplo 7 and triplo 10 showed significantly higher X² values, indicating that the two fertility restorer genes were located on chromosome 7 and 10. Stronger restorer gene (Rf-WA-1) was located on chromosome 7 and weaker restorer gene (Rf-WA-2) was located on chromosome 10. These findings should facilitate tagging of these genes with molecular markers with the ultimate aim to practice marker-aided selection for fertility restoration ability.     

风情2号白叶枯病抗性基因定位

 风情2号与14个水稻粳型标记系及6个初级三体所配组合的F₂群体的遗传分析表明：风情2号对我国湖北省的白叶枯病菌江陵691的抗性是由一对显性抗病基因Xa-j控制的；Xa-j与所用的25个标记基因中的短穗基因sp连锁，重组值为23.2%，属于第Ⅷ 连锁群；三体分析推断出Xa-j与三体G(KTG)的额外染色体(即第9染色体)有关，与连锁分析的结果相印证。抗病基因Xa-j被定位于第9染色体上。     

结球甘蓝叶色（紫/绿）的遗传分析和基因定位

 【目的】明确结球甘蓝叶色（紫/绿）的遗传方式及其基因所位于的染色体。【方法】以普通结球甘蓝‘9601’及其系列初级三体为母本分别与紫甘蓝‘紫阳’杂交;结合形态学观察和染色体数目鉴定从各F1群体中选出三体（2n+1）植株进行测交;采用双体和三体遗传分析及χ2测验法对叶色基因进行染色体定位。【结果】双体遗传分析表明,结球甘蓝‘9601’和‘紫阳’的叶色（紫/绿）受2对独立遗传基因控制,紫红色对绿色为显性并表现加性效应;三体遗传分析显示,控制其叶色的两对基因分别位于3号和8号染色体上。【结论】结球甘蓝‘9601’和‘紫阳’的叶色（紫/绿）受2对独立遗传的基因控制并表现加性效应,两基因分别位于3和8号染色体。     

水稻米香基因的染色体定位研究

以标记基因系、ＩＲ３６三体以及粳稻易位系为材料，通过杂交研究了我国香稻品种所携米香基因在染色体上的位置，以咀嚼法测定双亲、Ｆ１、Ｆ２及Ｆ２植株上Ｆ３种子的米香。结果表明，米香基因与分属水稻１１个染色体的３６个标记基因表现独立遗传，而与位于第８染色体上的标记基因ｖ－８表现连锁，估算２基因之间的重组值约为（３７．５５±２．８６）％，推定控制水稻米香的基因位于第８染色体上。     

Chromosomal localization of five mutant genes in rice, Oryza sativa, using primary trisomics

The chromosomal locations of five mutant genes in rice were determined by crossing the marker stocks with the 12 primary trisomics. Genetic segregation of each gene was studied in the F₂ or backcross populations. Out of the 60 possible cross combinations, 43 F₂ or BC₁ populations were studied. Segregation data indicated that spl11 was located on chromosome 12 while wp2 and eg2_(t) were located on chromosome 6. The genes v12_(t) and Bc₆ were located on chromosomes 8 and 9, respectively, which are sparsely populated with genetic markers.     

大白菜3号、6号染色体双三体及其初级三体的鉴定

 利用有丝分裂染色体核型分析的方法, 鉴定同源四倍体大白菜小孢子株系940521为3 号、6 号染色体双三体; 在其与冠291 杂交的F₁代中, 利用减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体观察的方法, 鉴定出了3 号染色体三体和6号染色体三体, 并对F₁代中的两种三体及双三体的数目进行统计, 计算出双三体中的3 号、6 号额外染色体的雌配子传递率分别为28. 26 %和47. 83 %; 利用TTC 染色方法测定3 号染色体三体、6 号染色体三体及双三体的花粉生活力, 结果表明: 3 号染色体三体、6 号染色体三体及双三体的花粉生活力差异达极显著水平。     

Obtaining and Cytological Identification of a Set of Primary Trisomics in Cabbage

Selection of primary trisomics of the cabbage （Brassica oleracea var.capitata L） forms an important basis for gene chromosome mapping and for other genetic studies. The cabbage self-fertilization line - 9601 was used as material, using the root-tip cell chromosome number and pollen mother cell chromosome number identification and karyotype analysis to select the primary trisomics from the progenies of 3x x 2x in the cabbage. Many aneuploid plants with one or two extra chromosomes were obtained and a set of primary trisomics （Tri-1, Tri-2, Tri-3, Tri-4, Tri-5, Tri-6, Tri-7, Tri-8, and Tri-9, in which the Tri-1 and Tri-4 were from 2n＋2 plants and others from 2n＋ 1 plants） was acquired from these plants. Each trisomic exhibited some unique features, such as plant height, plant type, leaf type, size of flower bud, and inflorescence. The triploid crossing by the diploid is a convenient and effective way to select trisomics in the cabbage.     

Identification of the Chromosomes in the 'Esto' Set of Rye Trisomics

The original identification of the chromosomes involved in each of the lines of the act of primary trisomics of winter rye variety ‘Esto’ does not correspond with recent results of gene localization studies. Using known morphological marker genes, N-banding and test crossing with the standard translocation tester set, a more precise identification was possible. In the nomenclature of the Triticinae, the lines can be designated as follows: A = 7R; B = 5R; C = 2R; D = 3R; E = 4R; F = 6R; G = 1R.     

Cytogenetical studies on African rice,Oryza glaberrima Steud. 3. Primary trisomics produced by pollinating autotriploid with diploid

Summary In order to promote cytogenetical studies on Oryza glaberrima (2n=2x=24), I produced primary trisomics in the progeny of the autotriploid. When the autotriploid was pollinated with the diploid, 136F1 seeds (5.8% of the number of spikelets pollinated) were obtained. The numbers of chromosomes of 31 surviving progeny varied from 24 to 28, with plants having 2n=25 occurring at the highest frequency (34.4%). The primary trisomics differed from one another as well as from the normal disomics in many aspects. The differences were attributed to a single extra chromosome in each trisomic type. Nine primary trisomics were classified into 8 types on the basis of morphological and reproductive features. Seeds were obtained from all primary trisomics except for Type D by self pollination, open pollination or pollination with the disomics. I was able to maintain 7 types of primary trisomics by seed propagation. The primary trisomics which are capable of expressing subtle genetic dissimilarities should be useful for studying the relationship between the two cultivated species of rice at the level of individual chromosomes.