百里香精油的生物学功能及其在鸡生产中的应用

本文就百里香精油的生物学功能及其在鸡生产中的应用研究作一综述。     

加味玉屏风汤对免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官的保护效应

应用动物试验和病理组织学方法,研究了传统中药方剂加味玉屏风汤对环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠脾和胸腺等免疫器官的保护作用。结果表明,加味玉屏风汤能明显拮抗环磷酰胺所致脾白髓、骨髓造血组织和胸腺淋巴细胞容量下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）,能显著升高下降的胸腺和脾指数（Ｐ〈０．０１）及减少的外周血白细胞和体重（Ｐ〈０．０１）;同时对健康小鼠以上指标也有不同程度的促进作用,提示加味玉屏风汤对脾和胸腺等免疫器官具有一定的     

雏鸭胸腺生长指标的动态观测及组织学观察

通过对1～49日龄雏鸭胸腺发育的组织学观察及胸腺重量、胸腺指数和外周血T淋巴细胞α-醋酸萘酯酶阳性率（ANAE^＋）的测定，研究了雏鸭胸腺的生长及组织发育规律。结果显示，胸腺重量随日龄增长逐渐增加；胸腺指数在28日龄时达最高；1～28日龄时外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE^＋上升幅度较大；21～28日龄时胸腺小叶数量增多，并显著增大；28日龄时皮质部主要为小淋巴细胞；胸腺小体有3种形态。表明，雏鸭在1～14日龄时胸腺生长较缓慢，21～28日龄时生长十分迅速，28日龄时胸腺中大部分T淋巴细胞已发育成熟，35～49日龄时胸腺发育已趋于稳定；胸腺小体是具有高度活性的结构，与清除退变上皮有关。     

恒河猴胸腺的显微与超微结构观察

应用组织学、组织化学和透射电镜技术观察表明，恒河猴胸腺外包被膜，被膜结缔组织伸入其内部形成许多小隔，将胸腺实质分成许多小叶，小叶又由皮质和髓质组成，大部分的髓质彼此相连，被膜和小叶间隔内含有较多的肥大细胞。皮质主要由幼稚T细胞和皮皮细胞构成，另有少量的巨噬细胞和肥大细胞等；皮人还可见典型的血－胸腺屏障。髓质主要由成熟T细胞和上皮细胞组成，另有较多的肥大细胞和少量的巨噬细胞、交错突细胞、B淋巴细胞、浆细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、肌样细胞以及一些胸腺小体和胸腺小囊。     

广西新黄鸡腔上囊和胸腺的发育及其T淋巴细胞的分布

10日龄鸡胚腔上囊开始形成囊腔和皱褶,并偶尔见到T淋巴样细胞;12日龄鸡胚出现淋巴滤泡;17日龄鸡胚滤泡髓质基本形成;3日龄雏鸡滤泡皮质出现。18日龄鸡胚开始形成DIA,随日龄的增长,DIA由腔上囊背侧近导管开口处逐渐扩展到导管背侧;7周龄前后到达与泄殖腔相连处。随着滤泡及DIA的形成,T淋巴样细胞分别出现于其中。滤泡中T淋巴样细胞的百分率,胚胎期大于孵出后。出生后T淋巴样细胞主要聚集于DIA内。9～11周龄腔上囊生长达到最大值,21.5～52周龄腔上囊消失。 14日龄鸡胚胸腺开始出现髓质,并可在其中检出ANAE细小颗粒型细胞,其百分率出生后大于胚胎期。但10～12日龄鸡胚胸腺中有大量的未成熟的胸腺细胞呈ANAE斑点型反应     

Ontogeny of T cells in the pig fetus

Mononuclear cells isolated from thymus, spleen and cord blood of pig fetuses ranging in age from 48 to 112 days were examined for the presence of sheep red blood cell rosette-forming cells (SRBC-RFC). After an initial increase from 77 % (mean) at 48 days of gestation to 88 % at 60 days, the proportion of SRBC-RFC in thymus remained constant throughout the gestational period. In spleen and cord blood, the proportion of SRBC-RFC increased with age, from occasional rosette-forming cells at 48 days of gestation to 21 % and 30 %, respectively, at 112 days. The demonstrated development of SRBC-RFC in the thymus, spleen and cord blood is considered to reflect the ontogeny of T cells in these fetal pig tissues.     

Ghrelin对雌激素诱导小鼠胸腺萎缩过程中细胞因子及凋亡相关蛋白基因表达的影响

应用光镜和实时定量PCR技术研究了Ghrelin对雌激素诱导小鼠胸腺萎缩过程中胸腺形态学以及部分细胞因子和凋亡相关蛋白基因表达的影响。结果显示,注射Ghrelin后,雌激素诱导的小鼠萎缩胸腺在形态学上基本恢复到正常水平,胸腺中IL-6、TGF-[31、Caspase3、FADDmRNA含量显著降低,Caspase9、FasLmRNA含量略为下降,而IL-7、Bcl-2mRNA含量有所上升。结果表明,Ghrelin可能通过促进胸腺上皮细胞的增殖以及阻断Caspase级联程序和Fas／FasL凋亡信号通路抑制胸腺细胞的凋亡,从而逆转雌激素诱导的小鼠胸腺萎缩。     

Age Difference in Morphology and Immunohistology inthe Thymus and Spleen in Crl:CD (SD) Rats

We investigated chronological changes in immunohistochemical phenotyping in the thymus and spleen in Crl:CD rats up to the age of about one year. In the thymus, T cells increased markedly from 3 to 4 weeks of age. Proliferating cells also increased markedly at these points. B cells tended towards an increase with age. In the spleen, white pulp increased until 9 weeks of age and remained fairly stable thereafter. In the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath and marginal zone, T cells gradually increased until 9 weeks of age and became almost flat thereafter. In the lymph follicle, T cells increased with age. B cells tended towards an increase with age in all areas of the spleen. It was concluded that development of the thymus was most marked from 3 to 4 weeks of age and that both the thymus and spleen had matured by 9 weeks of age.     

Cervical thymoma originating in ectopic thymic tissue in a cat

Abstract: An 11‐year‐old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was referred to The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (OSU‐VTH) for evaluation of a 6 × 4 × 3.5 cm mass in the left midcervical region causing increased respiratory sounds and lateral deviation of the trachea. A fine needle aspirate of the mass was obtained before referral and the cytology results were compatible with a reactive lymph node. Immunocytochemistry showed increased numbers of CD3+ T lymphocytes and small numbers of CD20+ and CD79a+ medium to large lymphocytes. Differential diagnoses from the referral pathologist were T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphoma and feline Hodgkin's‐like lymphoma. A subsequent fine needle aspirate performed at the OSU‐VTH showed similar results. On flow cytometry the majority of cells were CD3+ T lymphocytes that were double positive for CD4 and CD8 (73%), compatible with either a double‐positive (CD4+CD8+) T‐cell lymphoma or lymphocytes from ectopic thymic tissue. The mass was surgically removed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the mass revealed a predominant population of CD3+ small lymphocytes and small numbers of medium to large lymphocytes with moderate anisocytosis and anysokaryosis. A population of cytokeratin‐positive epithelial cells surrounded small microcystic structures filled with eosinophilic material and structures interpreted as Hassall's corpuscles. These findings were consistent with thymic tissue and a diagnosis of ectopic thymoma was made. PCR results for lymphocyte antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) were negative. The cat had no evidence of disease 16 months after removal of the mass. To our knowledge this is the first report of an ectopic cervical thymoma in a cat. The clinical and diagnostic features of this unusual case will be useful in helping veterinarians and pathologists obtain a presurgical diagnosis and establish a prognosis for similar lesions.