基于区块链的食用菌质量安全溯源系统设计

为了实现食用菌质量安全溯源,在食用菌质量安全溯源系统现状的基础上,利用区块链技术的去中心化分布式存储结构,保证了食用菌溯源数据的安全可靠。基于区块链技术设计了食用菌质量安全溯源系统,给出了追溯体系的总体架构和主要业务流程,有针对性地解决了食用菌溯源系统中存在问题。实现了食用菌全周期全流程的信息溯源,为消费者提供了真实、可靠的溯源信息。     

中国粮食进口安全综合评价研究——基于超效率DEA模型

在对粮食及粮食进口安全内涵加以界定的基础上,从粮食数量、粮食质量、粮食价格、粮食贸易、国家经济、生态环境6个方面分析中国粮食进口安全的影响因素,基于超效率DEA模型构建中国粮食进口安全评价模型。对1992—2015年中国粮食进口安全状况进行评价,结果表明,1992—2015年中国粮食进口处于安全状态,粮食进口对我国粮食价格安全和生态安全的影响程度较小,对数量安全、质量安全、贸易安全和经济安全的影响程度较大。     

Tomato brown rugose fruit disease: current distribution,knowledge and future prospects

Tomato is the most economically important fruit/vegetable crop grown worldwide. However, viral diseases remain an important factor limiting its productivity, with estimated quantitative and qualitative yield losses in tomato crops often reaching up to 100%. Many viruses infecting tomato have been reported, while new viral diseases have also emerged. The climatic changes the world is experiencing can be a contributing factor to the successful spread of newly emerging viruses, as well as the establishment of disease in areas that were previously either unfavourable or where the disease was absent. Because antiviral products are not available, strategies to mitigate viral diseases rely on genetic resistance/tolerance to infection, control of vectors, improvement in crop hygiene, roguing of infected plants and seed certification. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging viral threat to tomato productivity and is currently spreading into new areas, which is of great concern to the growing global production in the absence of mitigation measures. This review presents the current knowledge about ToBRFV and future prospects for an improved understanding of the virus, which will be needed to support effective control and mitigation of the impact it is likely to cause.     

生态系统视角下农村失独家庭的困境应对策略研究

农村失独父母是我国计划生育政策实施以来产生的一个特殊弱势群体。由于农村社会经济发展的特殊性,处于失独困境的家庭亟待政府和社会的更多关注和支持。农村失独家庭面临家庭关系紧张、精神承受重压、经济水平落后、生活缺乏照顾、养老医疗困顿、人际关系贫瘠等难题。为了化解上述难题,必须尽可能发挥政府和社会的保障支持功能。基于生态系统理论,需要通过多主体协同,从宏观、外层、中层、微观四个层次构建对于农村失独家庭的社会保障、社会支持体系,形成为农村失独家庭服务的系统性支持保障网络。     

从嘉禾屯田到现代水稻发展

水稻农耕的发展推动了人类文明的进步,水稻成为嘉兴最重要的粮食作物。解决好吃饭问题始终是治国理政的头等大事。介绍了嘉兴（嘉禾）屯田的历史和作用,屯田的主要目的是解决军供和民食。简述了嘉兴现代水稻发展的成就及未来粮食发展的重要性,指出了对策。     

气候变暖对我国水稻生产的综合影响及其应对策略

气候变暖已是不争的事实,预计到21世纪末全球地表平均气温仍将上升1.5℃以上。水稻是我国最重要的口粮作物,全国80%以上的人口以稻米为主食,探明气候变暖对我国“口粮绝对安全”的潜在影响意义重大。作者依据多年的田间增温试验及长期观察,并结合国内外现有研究,阐明了我国粮食主产区气候变暖的基本态势,总结发现温度升高1.5℃对我国水稻生产的潜在影响正负参半,并取决于具体的稻作季节和地区。但是,随着水稻种植制度调整,尤其是南方双季稻种植面积下降,温度升高对我国水稻生产的负面影响将逐步递增。最后,作者提出了应对气候变暖的气候智慧型稻作技术创新建议,并展望了该研究领域的重点内容和方向。     

Agriculture Green Development: a model for China and the world

Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority. This holds, in particular, for agriculture. Recently, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development. The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development (AGD) is to coordinate “green” with “development” to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact. This is a formidable task, requiring joint efforts of government, farmers, industry, educators and researchers. The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system, with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being. This paper addresses the significance, challenges, framework, pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China, and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations, whole food chain improvement and regional solutions. The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.     

Managing soil quality for humanity and the planet

Rather than a human-centric, the basic strategy of achieving Sustainable Development Goals must be focused on restoring and sustaining planetary processes. The urgency of meeting the demands of the humanity must be reconciled with the necessity of enhancing the environment. Increasing and restoring soil organic matter content of the degraded and depleted soils is critical to strengthening planetary processes.     

基于土地保障功能的贵州省土地整治社会效益分析

从社会保障功能角度构建土地整治项目社会效益测算模型,采用典型土地整治案例相关资料和研究区经济社会统计数据进行实证,并对不同区域、不同土地整治类型的单位建设规模社会效益与投资社会效益系数差异2个社会效益指标变化趋势进行研究,结果表明:1)4种类型土地整治项目产生的效益差异较为显著,单位建设规模社会效益表现为农村建设用地整理宜耕后备土地资源开发农用地整理土地复垦;投资社会效益系数表现为宜耕后备土地资源开发农用地整理农村建设用地整理土地复垦。2)单位建设规模社会效益与投资社会效益系数差异较为显著,但总体变化趋势趋同。3)4种土地整治类型社会效益表现出区域差异,总体上呈西部和北部好于东部和南部。基于商业保险的标准表征土地保障能力的测算模型能较好实现各类土地整治项目的社会效益测算,克服传统以打分或定性分析为主的土地整治社会效益评价的不足,并可直观地反映土地整治社会效益实现程度。     

Measuring fish catch and consumption: Practical methods for small‐scale fisheries based on length as an alternative to weight‐based approaches

Small‐scale fisheries are recognised as making important contributions to nutrition and economic development despite a lack of accurate quantitative information on catches and consumption. While direct measurement remains the most appropriate way of collecting such data, it is impractical at large scales. Instead, household surveys based upon informant recall of fish caught and/or consumed are frequently used. However, the accuracy of weight recall by informants (even over short recall periods) has not been established. Using data from household surveys, the accuracy and precision of catch and consumption estimates derived from: (a) asking informants to recall weights of fish caught and (b) asking respondents to recall lengths of fish caught and converting to weight were tested. Length‐based methods, using visual aids to assist recall, were more accurate, precise and correctable. These methods could be useful for catch estimation, especially where fish are processed, sold or consumed shortly after capture.