欠发达地区小农经济与农业现代化融合发展模式研究——以宁夏为例

本文基于对宁夏小农经济与农业现代化融合发展模式的实践考察,从宁夏农业组织发展现状出发,归纳了宁夏地区小农经济与现代农业融合发展模式及存在的问题,并提出了建议,以期为欠发达地区小农经济与农业现代化融合发展提供参考。     

福建省高素质农民发展跟踪分析

为反映福建省高素质农民的发展状况,探索高素质农民培育的更有效途径,采用比较分析方法,跟踪调查2015—2018年福建省高素质农民的总量、性别比例、年龄结构、文化程度等数据,并以此为基础,重点分析农业新型经营主体家庭农场经营者、农民合作社负责人等群体的发展情况,同时比较研究福建省高素质农民重点群体之间的发展特点。从文化程度、培育供求、产学矛盾、政策扶持等方面深入剖析当前高素质农民发展的制约因素,从加快推进福建省高素质农民培育工作、构建高素质农民终身学习体系、探索培育新型农业经营模式、推进线上线下融合培育、创设高素质农民扶持政策等方面提出相应的对策建议。     

农地确权对小农户信贷可得性的影响——基于双稳健估计方法的平均处理效应分析

基于我国9省小农户调查数据,运用双稳健的平均处理效应模型,研究了农地确权对小农户信贷可得性的影响及其作用机理。结果表明:农地确权可以提升小农户信贷可得性。进一步研究发现,需求方面的影响路径是:确权提高了小农户的土地安全性,增加了农业长期投资,并提高了信贷意愿。供给方面的影响路径是:确权增加了小农户的财产权并使其拥有了可流转大额财产,传递了还款可能性增加的信号;而且可将农地作为抵押品获得农地抵押贷款,增加了金融机构的贷款供给。不过,农地的信号传递作用大于抵押作用,农地抵押作用的发挥需要进行进一步的制度和组织创新。     

Tackling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) outbreak in Africa: an analysis of farmers’ control actions

Abstract

Since its emergence in Africa in 2016, fall armyworm (FAW) has spread rapidly and poses a severe threat to the food security and livelihood of millions of smallholder farmers in the continent. Using survey data from Ghana and Zambia, we examined FAW prevention and control methods implemented by farm households and their impacts on maize output and household consumption of self-produced maize. The main control methods used included pesticide application and handpicking of larvae, while access to information on FAW was a key driver behind the implementation of the control methods. Results from an endogenous switching regression showed that the implementation of a FAW management strategy significantly enhanced maize yield and households’ own maize consumption. When disentangling the impacts of the main control methods, we found that the combination of pesticide application and handpicking of larvae produced the highest yield gain of 125%. We concluded that the current interventions put in place by farmers to tackle FAW infestations are providing positive outcomes, but successful management of the pest will require more actions, including raising awareness to enhance the adoption of control interventions and exploring other control options.     

泰州市稻田综合种养产业发展分析及建议

系统阐述了泰州市稻田综合种养产业的发展现状,包括分布区域、经营主体、种养模式等,统计了不同种养模式的应用面积、产量及收益,对稻田综合种养及常规稻麦种植两种模式下的经济效益进行了对比。结果表明,稻田综合种养模式能显著提高土地利用率,促进当地农业增效和农民增收。通过对稻田综合种养模式推广应用过程中的比较优势以及存在问题进行系统分析,提出了针对性的解决措施和建议。     

云南农民财产性收入渠道的跨省市比较研究

基于东中西部典型省市的财产性纯收入渠道与结构比较,探求云南农民财产性纯收入渠道中存在的难点和问题,提出构建云南农民财产性纯收入增长长效机制及拓宽农民财产性纯收入增收渠道的对策和建议。     

小规模林农在林权抵押贷款业务中的劣势分析及应对措施

针对小规模林农林权抵押贷款较难的现象展开研究。在阅读文献的基础上对小规模林农进行界定,并从他们自身入手,分析其在林权抵押贷款中存在的文化程度低、单户家庭资产额低、信用担保机构缺乏、抵押贷款额小等劣势,在此基础上提出相应的解决措施。     

贫困村民自己运作的小额信贷扶贫

小额信贷扶贫到户不同于传统的小额信贷方式,该种贷款方式完全由村民自己运作,贷款对象面向贫困农户,运作成本低,还贷率达100%.文中简要介绍了小额信贷扶贫的运作模式及其主要特点.     

Palms in Indigenous and Settler Communities in Southeastern Ecuador: Farmers’ Perceptions and Cultivation Practices

Most palms used in agroforestry systems are exploited from wild stands or are only occasionally cultivated, while only a few palms have been domesticated. In this study we investigated how socio-economic factors and people's perceptions of changes in palm use and availability, influenced palm cultivation among indigenous Shuar and mestizo settlers in south-eastern Ecuador. We also looked at how different uses of palms influenced which species they cultivated. Our results showed that perceptions of declining palm availability in combination with heavy reliance on palm products was positively related to palm cultivation. Hence, cultivation was more common in more remote villages where alternative products were hard to get. In addition, palm cultivation was more common among wealthier people and among indigenous people than among recent settlers. This points to a limiting role of assets such as land and to the importance of history and culture with regard to cultivation. It was not possible to identify any single palm use as the primary reason for cultivating a species, but the more uses a species had, the more likely it was to be cultivated. These findings have important implications for development projects that promote cultivation of palms and other long-lived tree crops. They illustrate how market access and lack of necessary assets may undermine cultivation of native species even though these are regarded as important resources.     

Factors affecting a sheep vegetation management system in British Columbia, Canada

A silvopastoral agroforestry system involving sheep is an important silvicultural issue. We examined the factors that affect the continuation or discontinuation of sheep vegetation management (SVM) in British Columbia. A questionnaire was used to conduct interviews with a randomly selected sample of contractors and farmers who were involved in SVM in British Columbia (BC). Based on a stepwise discriminant analysis, we found that the profitability of SVM, and the practitioners' commitment (number of ewes owned by the farmer or contractor), experience (number of years the farmer or contractor has practiced SVM on public lands in BC) and trust or confidence (number of years the farmer or contractor has consistently worked for the landlord) contributed to the farmer's or contractor's continuation or discontinuation of SVM practice. The factors we defined seemed to be validated (corroborated) by a complex of determinants voiced by various experts concerning the relationship between SVM and the forestry economy in BC, the scale of sheep farming in BC, the relative absence of an agricultural infrastructure to support sheep farming in BC, and the continuity of SVM from year to year. Further investigation into these factors and others is required to advance our understanding of SVM in British Columbia. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.