杂色鲍与盘鲍种间杂交受精率的影响因素

研究卵子排放后的时间、精子排放后的时间、授精精子浓度、胰蛋白酶、钙离子、pH和水温等因子对杂色鲍(Haiotisdiversicolor,以下简称S)与盘鲍(H.discus discu,以下简称J)种间杂交受精率的影响。结果表明,卵子排放后的时间和授精精子浓度是影响杂交受精率两个最重要的因素。与自繁组合相比,正反杂交受精率均较低且下降速度快得多。水温21.5℃时,两亲本自繁对照组中,卵子排放1 h对受精率均无显著影响。而SJ杂交,卵子排放时间2 min时,受精率为55.9%±8.1%,4.7 min时受精率已下降了50%;JS杂交,卵子排放时间为4 min时,受精率为31.5%±9.7%,10 min时受精率下降至4 min时的29.1%。相比之下,精子排放时间对杂交受精率的影响小得多,3 h内对正反交杂交受精率没有显著影响。杂交适宜精子浓度约为母本自繁的100倍,其中SJ杂交适宜授精精子浓度为6.0×106~2.4×107mL-1,JS杂交适宜授精精子浓度为3.8×107~7.5×107mL-1。水温对于杂交受精率也有影响,短时间内将水温控制在26~29℃可以得到较高受精率。其他实验因素,如添加胰蛋白酶、Ca2+或改变授精体系pH对杂交受精率均无正向作用。     

杂色鲍与九孔鲍种质资源研究进展

杂色鲍和九孔鲍是我国南方鲍养殖业的主要对象,九孔鲍与杂色鲍的分类关系,学术界一直存在着不同看法。文章综述了我国杂色鲍和九孔鲍在形态学、染色体核型、生化遗传学及分子遗传学方面种质研究的主要进展,得出二者间差异属于种群差异,台湾的九孔鲍和大陆的杂色鲍的种质差异达不到亚种水平的结论。提出了自己的观点,并提出了合理引种及保护原种的建议。     

Chemical, physical and sensory changes of small abalone meat during cooking

ABSTRACT:   Small abalone meats were heated at 80°C and 98°C for 0–120 min and the differences in chemical, physical and sensory changes of the cooked meats were investigated. The decrease in moisture and weight and the increase in browning and Hunter's b -value were relatively higher for cooking at 98°C than at 80°C. After cooking for 20–120 min, the total amount of adenosine triphosphate and its related compounds on a dry weight basis decreased by 17–27% at 80°C and by 30–39% at 98°C; the total amount of free amino acids on a dry weight basis changed insignificantly at 80°C but decreased by 22–35% after cooking at 98°C. The meats cooked at 80°C were higher in cutting force whereas the levels in the samples cooked at 98°C did not decrease until samples had been cooked for 60 min. The hydroxyproline content showed little change during cooking except for in samples cooked at 98°C for 120 min, in which the content was found to be low. The extended cooking at 80°C improved the acceptability of small abalone meat, whereas only the acceptability score of aroma increased significantly for cooking at 98°C.     

杂色鲍的血细胞

通过光镜、电镜技术，比较了正常状态和受到细菌刺激后杂色鲍血细胞的变化。结果显示，正常状态下的杂色鲍血细胞分为三种类型：颗粒细胞、透明细胞和小细胞；杂色鲍血细胞具有很强的免疫功能，对外界刺激敏感；受到细菌刺激后杂色鲍的血细胞在结构和形态上均发生显著的变化。并推测，颗粒细胞的颗粒中含有大量的水解酶类和抗菌肽等免疫因子，发挥主要的免疫作用。     

杂色鲍养殖环境中致病性弧菌分布调查

从深圳不同的杂色鲍人工养殖场采集并分类环境生物样品。应用TCBS平板分离并作生理生化初步鉴定弧菌,平板涂布法统计水样和各类生物每mL(或每g)所含弧菌总数,并应用基于16S~23SrDNA间区序列设计的4种水产病原弧菌特异性引物进行PCR,定性检测各类环境样品所携带致病性弧菌的分布状况。结果显示,弧菌广泛存在于杂色鲍养殖环境中,且杂色鲍养殖池池水中的弧菌密度大于进水口海水。在养殖环境生物中,不同环境生物中每克生物所携带的弧菌数差别很大,其中盘管虫、海蟑螂、等足类所携带的弧菌数最多,而海鞘携带的弧菌数最少。在常见的4种致病性弧菌的检测结果上,创伤弧菌和溶藻弧菌阳性率均为3.4%。通过研究弧菌在杂色鲍养殖环境中弧菌的分布特征,为杂色鲍养殖中流行性弧菌病的预防提供科学依据。     

九孔鲍北方青苗及生长的探讨

探讨了九孔鲍(Haliotisdiversicolorsuertexta)在北方自然繁殖季节育苗的条件、发育时间和生长速度。2004年8月1日,用紫外线照射海水诱导产卵和人工授精的九孔鲍受精卵,经过60天培育,获6～12mm的幼鲍50万只。     

Dietary value of benthic diatoms for post-larval abalone <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis diversicolor</Emphasis> associated with feeding transitions

ABSTRACT:   The feeding behavior and growth of post-larval Haliotis diversicolor with initial shell lengths (SL) of approximately 500 μm (Exp. 1-1 and 1-2), 800 μm (Exp. 2), and 1200 μm (Exp. 3) were studied in a laboratory setting while they fed on four species of benthic diatom Achnanthes longipes , Cocconeis sublittoralis , Cylindrotheca closterium , and Navicula ramosissima . Exp. 1-1 and 1-2 revealed no marked differences in post-larval growth rates (mean 24–39 μm SL/day) among the diatom species. However, marked differences in growth rates among the species were revealed in Exp. 2 and 3. Three species, A. longipes , Co. sublittoralis, and Cy. closterium , produced faster growth (Exp. 2 mean 29–51 μm/day, Exp. 3 mean 36–44 μm/day) than N. ramosissima (Exp. 2 mean 18 μm/day, Exp. 3 mean 23 μm/day). Post-larvae fed N. ramosissima had lower digestion efficiency (42.8%) than those fed other diatom species (90.7–100%). Diatom extracellular substances appeared to be principally used from post-settlement to 800 μm SL, and diatom cell contents were required to produce rapid growth of larger post-larvae (>800 μm SL). It is likely that the availability of each diatom for post-larvae was affected by diatom morphology, attachment strength, frustule strength, and post-larval size.     

应用RAPD技术研究4种鲍的亲缘关系

应用RAPD技术研究 4种鲍的亲缘关系结果表明 ,4种鲍群体中 2 0个有效引物共扩增出 5 38条DNA带 ,平均每个引物扩增的条带数为 2 6 .9;扩增的多态性条带数 136 ,平均每个引物扩增的多态性条带数为 6 .8;多态位点百分数为 2 5 .3%。盘鲍群体和皱纹盘鲍群体之间遗传距离与遗传一致度分别为 0 .2 8和 0 .72 ,杂色鲍群体和九孔鲍群体之间遗传距离与遗传一致度分别为 0 .32和 0 .6 8。聚类分析把盘鲍群体和皱纹盘鲍群体聚为 1组 ,二者亲缘关系较近 ;杂色鲍群体和九孔鲍群体聚为 1组 ,二者亲缘关系也较近     

杂色鲍原代细胞培养方法的优化及其在基因功能研究中的应用

优化了杂色鲍原代细胞的培养条件,并利用原代细胞进行了RNAi和外源基因表达。结果表明,较高的渗透压对血淋巴细胞培养起重要作用,淋巴细胞分离液分离血淋巴细胞更利于其生长。原代细胞培养至第5天,在细胞培养液中添加50μg My D88 dsRNA,能够显著降低My D88 mRNA的表达。p EGFP-N1转染培养5 d的鳃细胞,5 d后可以检测到绿色荧光。该研究表明可以成功培养杂色鲍血和鳃原代细胞,并且利用原代细胞可以进行功能基因表达量调低或调研究,为功能基因注释提供了便利条件。     

Discrimination and abundance estimation of wild and released abalone Haliotis diversicolor using stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis in north-eastern Taiwan

The discrimination between wild and released Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor was performed by stable carbon isotope analysis. Abalone samples were collected from Mao Aw Gulf in north-eastern Taiwan. Live abalone and dead shells were collected by divers with an 80 × 80 cm frame. The densities and amounts of wild and released abalone, as well as the survival rates of released abalone, in 1997 and 1998 were estimated. The age of the specimens was also determined from the specific temperature of each month and the inverse relationship between oxygen isotope values and temperatures. Results show that examining stable isotopic profiles proves to be a practical and feasible method for stock discrimination as well as density and abundance estimation. These data would be helpful in assessing the success of abalone culture and release programs, which aim to enhance this valuable marine resource.