Persistence and performance of esfenvalerate residues on broccoli

The efficacy of esfenvalerate (84 g litre-1 EC; Asana XL) at 7.0 g AI ha-1 on broccoli was tested against the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) and the imported cabbage worm, Pieris rapae L (Pieridae: Lepidoptera) under field conditions. Insect populations were monitored before and after treatment. Periodic sweep-net collections and examination of the leaves in treated and untreated broccoli plots revealed mean reductions of P cruciferae levels of nearly 98% 1 week post-application compared with untreated plots. The residual toxicity of esfenvalerate was also effective for 2 weeks in reducing population density of P rapae by 69% on broccoli leaves. The impact of esfenvalerate on feeding damage to broccoli leaves was established by counting the number of feeding holes made by P cruciferae on spring broccoli and P rapae on fall broccoli. As the leaf area ingested increased, a linear relationship was seen between the number of holes and number of insects. Results indicated that forage destruction by the two pests was significantly reduced by esfenvalerate application. Esfenvalerate was extracted from broccoli at 1 h and 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days post-application for residue analysis. Residues on spring broccoli were 12.2, 5.2 and 2.9 micrograms cm-2 on the leaves and 0.13, 0.05 and 0.02 microgram g-1 on the heads at 1 h, 1 and 3 days, respectively. Only trace levels (0.001 microgram g-1) were detected in/on the heads 14 days after spraying. On the basis of half-life (T1/2) values, persistence of esfenvalerate on spring broccoli leaves (T1/2 = 1 day) was shorter than on fall broccoli (T1/2 = 1.6 days). T1/2 values were 2.1 and 3.6 days on spring and fall broccoli heads, respectively. The implications of these residue levels on re-entry times into treated fields are discussed.     

西兰花选择性采收作业平台识别切割装置设计与试验

针对当前人工采收西兰花存在季节性劳动力需求强、劳动强度大以及成本高等问题，该研究基于西兰花的农艺特性与形态特征设计了一种西兰花选择性采收作业平台，旨在能够实现对西兰花的自主识别切割作业。首先，该平台采用“识别-采收”一体化作业模式，通过对采收作业平台的关键部件进行设计与选型，建立了西兰花的视觉识别系统和定心切割机构。其次，根据西兰花茎秆与割刀之间的相互作用关系，采用对数螺线作为切割曲线设计了一种等滑切角割刀，确定了割刀滑切角40o、切割半径135 mm、割刀长度260 mm等关键切割参数。根据西兰花茎秆的材料属性参数，基于ANSYS Workbench/LS-DYNA软件对茎秆切割过程进行显式动力学仿真分析，以割刀刃角和转速为控制因子，以最大切割力为试验指标，利用正交试验优化设计，确定了茎秆切割过程的最优参数组合为割刀刃角20°、转速1 rad/s，在此参数下最大切割力为725.82 N，切割质量较优。最后，对采收作业平台进行性能试验，结果表明视觉系统能够有效识别自然环境下的成熟西兰花植株，检测效果良好；定心切割机构可快速平稳的切入并切断西兰花茎秆，切断表面平整光滑；采收作业平台整体漏收率在10%以下、检测准确率为90%、切茎合格率为88.9%，可满足西兰花选择性采收的作业需求。本研究可为西兰花选择性采收作业装备的设计开发提供理论参考和实际借鉴。     

Induction of an alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea by substituting cytoplasm from ‘Early Scarlet Globe’ radish (Raphanus sativus)

Summary Alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea L. was synthesized in a backcrossing program through amphidiploid Raphanobrassica by using Early Scarlet Globe radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as the donor of cytoplasm and B. oleracea broccoli and cabbage as recurrent pollen parents. Persistence of radish chromosomes and high female sterility were encountered in the first four backcrosses. Following use of colchiploid 4x broccoli as pollen parent, a BC₅ plant was obtained that had 2n=3x+1=28 chromosomes, improved seed set, and no radish traits. The BC₆ with recurrent 2x broccoli contained male-sterile plants with 2n=18 or 19 chromosomes, increased seed set, and broccoli morphology. Subsequent generations segregated for male-sterile and restored male-fertile plants, some with variable development of stamens and pollen. Leaf color of the alloplasmic plants, especially seedlings, was lighter green than normal.     

Transfer of resistance to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae from Brassica napus to cabbage (B. Oleracea spp. Capitata). IV. A resistant 18-chromosome B1 plant and its B2 progenies

Summary The somatic karyotype and meiotic chromosome behavior were studied in an 18-chromosome B₁ plant derived from backcrossing a triploid (Brassica napus x B. oleracea ssp. capitata) F₁ hybrid to cabbage. It is considered that cabbage chromosomes no. 1 and no. 7 were substituted by two shorter B. napus chromosomes. Meiotic disturbances were more apparent during the late stages of second division. Seed fertility of this plant was largely restored in the second backcrosses with both cabbage and broccoli. 18-chromosome B₂ plants resistant to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae were recovered among the progenies.Contribution no. J. 725 from the Research Station, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, St-Jean, Québec J3B 6Z8.     

寄主植物对青花菜上桃蚜试验种群的影响

研究了桃蚜对10种寄主植物的选择性以及青花菜、小白菜、油麦菜对桃蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响,并以作用因子组建3种寄主上桃蚜试验种群生命表.结果表明,芥菜、结球甘蓝、小白菜和青花莱为桃蚜的嗜好寄主;桃蚜在油麦菜上的发育历期较长,而产仔量较少;小白菜、青花菜上桃蚜种群趋势指数较大,分别为27.82和26.63,较适合桃蚜种群增长,油麦菜上桃蚜种群趋势指教较小,为16.82,对桃蚜种群增长有一定的抑制作用.     

青花菜主要矿质营养特性的研究

以青花菜南方慧星品种为材料，分３个播期，研究了青花菜生育过程对氮，磷，钾，钙和镁等矿质养分的和分布动态，结果表明，青花菜对氮，磷，钾的吸收，以氮最多，钾次之，磷量少，其吸收比例因生长期而不同，植株和各个器官的氮，磷，钾，钙和镁含量随生育过程逐渐降低，吸收量则逐步增加，其中花球分化发育期间吸收量占吸收量的７５％至８０％，花球分化发育前，大部分的主要矿质养分分布在茎叶，花球分化发育后逐渐减少，而分布在     

赤霉素处理对青花菜产量和花球品质的影响

以"清风103"和"绿秀"两品种的青花菜为试材,采用25、50、100 mg·L-1的赤霉素喷施青花菜幼苗,研究不同浓度赤霉素对青花菜产量和品质影响。结果表明,50 mg·L-1浓度处理效果显著,100 mg·L-1处理显著降低青花菜的产量、花球紧实度及品质。     

大棚绿菜花复合生物肥试验

在绿菜花中开展复合生物肥试验,试验结果表明,复合生物肥具有促进绿菜花生长,促使绿菜花干物质向着有利于提高产量的方向积累,增加产量,降低成本,以及改善生态环境的显著效果.     

不同种植密度对青花菜植物学性状及产量的影响

调查不同种植密度对青花菜植物学性状及产量的影响,探寻适宜青花菜生长的合理密度,以达到增产的目的。     

不同薄膜自发气调包装对西兰花的保鲜效果

为探讨适合西兰花的自发气调包装材料,用0.02 mm的双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚乙烯(PE)薄膜对西兰花进行自发气调包装,5℃下贮藏30d。结果表明,3种自发气调包装处理不同程度地改善西兰花的保鲜效果。其中,BOPP包装的保鲜效果最好,贮藏30d仍有较高的质量属性和外观属性,叶绿素、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等营养物质均保持较高的水平,同时霉变率、切口褐变率、MDA和相对电导率处于最低水平。PP包装效果次之,PE包装效果较弱。因此,BOPP适宜作为采后西兰花的自发气调包装材料。