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1.
Simulation modelling of potato virus Y spread in relation to initial inoculum and vector activity 下载免费PDF全文
Potato virus Y(PVY) is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato production. We constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVY spread in a potato field and used it to investigate possible effects of transmission efficiency, initial inoculum levels, vector behavior, vector abundance, and timing of peak vector activity on PVY incidence at the end of a simulated growing season. Lower PVY incidence in planted seed resulted in lower virus infection at the end of the season. However, when populations of efficient PVY vectors were high, significant PVY spread occurred even when initial virus inoculum was low. Non-colonizing aphids were more important for PVY spread compared to colonizing aphids, particularly at high densities. An early-season peak in the numbers of noncolonizing aphids resulted in the highest number of infected plants in the end of the season, while mid-and late-season peaks caused relatively little virus spread. Our results highlight the importance of integrating different techniques to prevent the number of PVY-infected plants from exceeding economically acceptable levels instead of trying to control aphids within potato fields. Such management plans should be implemented very early in a growing season. 相似文献
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AIM To investigate the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). METHODS The OGD/R was conducted to induce ischemia/reperfusion injury in SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of PNS on the viability (detected by CCK-8 assay) and membrane permeability [indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and propidium iodide (PI) staining positive cell proportion] of OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells were observed. The protein levels of gasdermin D (GSDMD), GSDMD N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-N), caspase-1 and caspase-4, and the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in the cells were also determined. RESULTS After exposure to OGD/R, the viability of SH-SY5Y cells dramatically decreased (P <0.01), while the LDH leakage, the PI staining positive cell proportion, the protein levels of GSDMD, GSDMD-N, caspase-1 and caspase-4, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased (P <0.01). However, PNS treatment enhanced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells inhibited by OGD/R (P <0.01), but reduced the leakage of LDH and the percentage of PI staining positive cells (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Moreover, PNS reversed the increases in the protein levels of GSDMD, GSDMD-N, caspase-1 and caspase-4 and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 in OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells (P <0.05 or P <0.01). CONCLUSION Treatment with PNS alleviates OGD/R-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Its mechanism may be related to inhibition of SH-SY5Y cell pyroptosis induced by OGD/R. 相似文献
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沙柳集束沙障固沙技术探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
风蚀沙埋是制约沙区人工造林成活率的主要因子之一。设置沙障是防止风蚀沙埋,提高造林成活率的主要措施。本文通过对沙区人工造林设置不同类型沙障的对比试验,筛选出沙柳集束沙障。该沙障具有明显的效益,可在高大流动沙区人工造林中加以推广。 相似文献
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Shin MS Kim SK Kim YS Kim SE Ko IG Kim YS Kim CJ Kim YM Kim BK Kim TS 《Fitoterapia》2008,79(5):323-327
In this study, the effects of the aqueous extract of Anemarrhena rhizome on cell proliferation and neuropeptide Y expression in the dentate gyrus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated via immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and neuropeptide Y. The results showed that the treatment with 50 to 200 mug/kg/day for 7 days of the aqueous extract of Anemarrhena rhizome increased new cell formation and neuropeptide Y expression in the dentate gyrus of diabetic rats reduced by the treatment with streptozotocin in rat. 相似文献
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【目的】马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)是危害烟草、马铃薯、番茄、辣椒等主要农作物的重要病毒,给农业生产带来巨大损失。论文旨在克隆Hsc70-2蛋白在本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)中的基因序列并分析其生物学信息,研究NbHsc70-2蛋白对PVY侵染烟草的影响,为进一步解析PVY的侵染机制提供理论依据。【方法】以本氏烟为材料,克隆NbHsc70-2蛋白的基因编码序列(coding sequence,CDS),利用MEGA 6.0 进行多序列比对并构建系统进化树;利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析NbHsc70-2在本氏烟各组织中的表达水平;采用在线软件BaCeILo和SignalP 4.0对NbHsc70-2进行生物信息学分析;构建NbHsc70-2-RFP融合蛋白确定该蛋白的亚细胞定位;研究PVY处理对本氏烟叶片中NbHsc70-2的影响;利用激光共聚焦观察PVY-GFP处理对NbHsc70-2-RFP定位的影响;构建NbHsc70-2 VIGS沉默体系及瞬时表达载体,采用qRT-PCR比较NbHsc70-2在沉默/过表达后对PVY表达的影响。【结果】NbHsc70-2编码649个氨基酸,系统进化树分析表明,NbHsc70-2与普通烟NaHsc70-2序列相似性最高,亲缘关系最近,属于热激蛋白家族,C端具有热激蛋白家族的高度保守基序结构;qRT-PCR分析表明,NbHsc70-2在叶中表达量最高,在根和茎中的表达量较低;BaCeILo预测及激光共聚焦显微镜观察均显示NbHsc70-2定位在细胞质中,并且PVY-GFP侵染本氏烟后NbHsc70-2-RFP部分转移至细胞核,与PVY-GFP共定位在细胞质及细胞核中;将NbHsc70-2基因沉默载体pTRV::NbHsc70-2导入本氏烟中7 d后相比于对照组,沉默组出现心叶皱缩及矮化现象;接种PVY-GFP 7 d后通过手持紫外灯观察到沉默组中无明显绿色荧光出现,而对照组中PVY-GFP系统侵染使得非接种叶片呈现荧光现象,沉默组荧光点数约为对照组28%;接种PVY后,利用qRT-PCR检测沉默NbHsc70-2后1、3、5 d的PVY CP基因积累量,结果表明沉默NbHsc70-2后PVY CP基因积累量下降,其中3 d和5 d与对照相比差异显著,基因表达水平分别为对照的14%和0.004%;将NbHsc70-2过表达载体pEarleyGate100::GWC::NbHsc70-2与PVY同时导入本氏烟后,结果表明相比于对照组,过表达组48 h和72 h 其PVY CP基因积累量显著上升,基因表达水平分别为对照组的2.31、2.56倍。【结论】PVY侵染会引起NbHsc70-2表达量上升;NbHsc70-2是PVY侵染本氏烟重要的组成成分,沉默该基因显著抑制PVY的表达,过表达NbHsc70-2则显著提高PVY的表达,即NbHsc70-2的表达水平与PVY复制呈正相关,NbHsc70-2蛋白促进PVY对烟草的侵染。 相似文献