Study on the Nutritional-ecologic Environment of Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn and Se in Yili Summer Pasture of Xinjiang (Ⅰ)

This experiment objective was to study the Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se five kinds of trace element contents, distribution characteristics and mutual relations in the soil-grass-water (stream) in Yili pastoral area of Xinjiang, to evaluate the trace elements nutritional-ecologic environment of Yili summer pasture in Xinjiang.At the altitudinal belt of 1400 to 2999 m of the summer pasture of the Karajon grassland (South slope) and Tangbula grassland (North slope) of Yili, Xinjiang, the samples of soil (n=75), herbage (n=75), stream water (n=75) were collected according to the altitude, to determine their contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se for evaluating the nutritional-ecologic environment of trace elements of Yili summer pasture.The results showed that the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn in the soil of summer pasture on average were 15 418.4, 32.6, 474.5 and 115.8 mg/kg, respectively;And 446.0, 7.8, 85.7 and 41.9 mg/kg, respectively in forage;The correlation (R²) of the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn between soil and forage were 0.43, 0.82, 0.47 and 0.72, respectively;The changes of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn contents in the soil and forage were not significantly related with the altitude.There were no the 4 elements mentioned above in river streams, there was no Se in the soil and forage, and there was infinitesimal of Se in the river streams.It was concluded that in Yili summer pasture there were excessive Fe, suitable Zn and Mn, insufficient Cu, and more insufficient Se.     

不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶色变化的影响

本研究以半年生翠云草盆栽为试验材料,研究不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶色变化的影响。试验设置全光照R0(透光率100%NS)、一层遮荫R1(38%NS)、二层遮荫R2(20%NS)、三层遮荫R3(16%NS)和四层遮荫R4(10%NS)共5个处理。处理3个月后,比较叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、叶绿素a/b、类胡萝卜素、花色素苷、苯丙氨酸解氨酶及可溶性糖含量变化。结果显示,叶绿素含量在3层遮荫处理下最高,叶片表现出特殊的蓝绿色;全光照下,叶绿素含量和花色素苷含量均最低,而类胡萝卜素含量最高,说明叶片受到强光胁迫,是类胡萝卜素而不是花色素苷取代了那部分被破坏的叶绿素,因此叶片表现出红色。方差分析表明,不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶片中叶绿素含量影响极显著,对花色素苷含量影响显著,而对类胡萝卜素含量影响不显著。掌握翠云草叶色在不同遮荫条件下的变化规律,有助于在园林中根据景观需要进行合理配置,创造别具特色的园林植物景观。     

硒对小麦生理功能的影响之研究进展

硒是小麦生长所必需的微量元素。硒在小麦体内通过吸收转化,能够促进小麦新陈代谢,增强小麦生物抗氧化作用和对环境胁迫的抗性,从而刺激生长发育、提高产量、改善品质。通过施入外源硒肥的方式增加小麦中的硒含量,使硒进入食物链,是为人体安全补硒的有效途经。从上述几方面综述了硒在小麦中的生理功能及富硒小麦的研究进展。     

不同水平的亚硒酸钠对鸡心肌组织硒沉积及组织结构的影响

通过在公鸡日粮中添加不同水平的亚硒酸钠,研究硒在公鸡心肌组织中的沉积量和对其组织结构功能的影响,以期为亚硒酸钠在禽类生产中的应用提供参考依据。试验选取80只体重接近、健康无疾病的海兰白成年公鸡,随机分成4组,每组20只,分别在日粮中添加0、0.3、0.6和1.0 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠。试验结束时,采集心组织样本,测定硒含量,并通过HE染色观察组织细胞结构。结果表明,公鸡心肌组织中硒含量随日粮硒含量的增加而升高。由此得出,公鸡心肌组织的硒含量随着日粮硒水平的增加而逐渐升高,高硒日粮对心肌组织的结构有一定影响,但由于硒在心肌组织中的沉积能力与其他组织相比较差,因此影响并不明显。     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品、水产品及饲料中硒的方法研究

应用ＡＦＳ－２２０１型双道原子荧光光谱仪对氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品、水产品及饲料中微量元素硒的方法进行研究。采用改进的ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣＩＯ４湿式消解法消解样品，并对各种最佳分析进行探讨和验证。方法的检出限为０．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ，线性范围为０～４００ｎｇ／ｍｌ，回收率为８８．４％～９８．５％。用标准物质对照，其测定数据完全在标准值范围内，该方法具较多优点，适于各种含硒样品的测定。     

Uptake and remobilization of selenium in Brassica napus L. plants supplied with selenate or selenium‐enriched plant residues

Selenium (Se) biofortification via crops is one of the best strategies to elevate the daily Se intake in areas where soil Se levels are low. However, Se fertilizer recovery (SeFR) is low and most of the Se taken up accumulates in non‐harvested plant parts and returns to the soil with plant residues. A pot experiment with soil was undertaken to study the efficiency of inorganic Se (Na₂SeO₄) and Se‐enriched plant residues for biofortification, as well as to identify the bottlenecks in Se utilization by Brassica napus L. The soil was fertilized with Na₂SeO₄ (0 and 7 µg Se kg^?1) or with Se in stem or leaf residues (0 and 7 µg Se kg^?1). A treatment with autoclaved soil was included (0 and 7 µg kg^?1 as Na₂SeO₄) to unravel the impact of microbial activity on Se uptake. The Se‐enriched plant residues produced a lower Se uptake efficiency (SeUPE) and SeFR than did inorganic Se, and soil autoclaving enhanced Se accumulation in the plants. The time required for decomposition seems to preclude crop residues as an alternative source of Se. Furthermore, B. napus had a limited capacity to accumulate Se in seeds. The study shows that the bottlenecks in Se biofortification appear to be its low bioavailability in soil and poor loading from the silique walls to seeds. Thus, improved Se translocation to seeds would be a useful breeding goal in B. napus to increase SeFR.     

硒锌和富啡酸配施对紫花苜蓿叶片抗氧化酶活性及产量的影响

在氮磷钾供应充分情况下,采用大田小区试验方法,通过播前基施硒（Se）、锌（Zn）微肥和腐殖酸（富啡酸,fulvic acid,FA）,设对照（CK,不施肥）、施氮磷钾（NPK）、增施富啡酸（NPK+FA）、增施锌、硒微肥（NPK+Zn+Se）、增施富啡酸和锌、硒微肥（NPK+FA+Zn+Se）等5个不同施肥处理,在严重缺硒和锌石灰性土壤中,研究了硒锌和富啡酸配施对紫花苜蓿叶片内过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶活性、游离脯氨酸（Pro）及丙二醛（MDA）和干草产量的影响。结果表明：两茬中叶片过氧化物酶（POD）活性均以NPK+FA处理最高,其次是NPK+FA+Zn+Se处理,说明富啡酸（FA）比微肥（Se+Zn）更能有效提高紫花苜蓿叶片过氧化物酶活性,而硒锌对其活性影响不显著;硒锌与富啡酸配施可显著提高紫花苜蓿叶片内游离脯氨酸（Pro）含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,从而显著提高紫花苜蓿抗氧化能力;但各施肥处理对丙二醛（MDA）无显著影响。施肥可显著提高紫花苜蓿产量,施用富啡酸比硒锌微肥的增产效果更明显,且硒锌与富啡酸配施效果最好。因此,在氮磷钾供应充足条件下,适量硒锌微肥或富啡酸均能显著提高紫花苜蓿的抗氧化能力及提高紫花苜蓿产量,且微肥和富啡酸配施效果最好。     

优质富硒玉米新品种晋糯8号的开发利用

优质富硒玉米晋糯8号,种子黄色,F1果穗黑色;生育期短,抗多种病害,适应性广;花丝、穗轴紫红色,穗型美观;糯中带甜,营养丰富,粗蛋白12.43%,粗脂肪3.76%,硒(Se)0.473mg/kg。其用途较广,鲜穗可直接出售,整穗速冻、真空包装保鲜加工,干籽粒加工利用,花丝、穗轴、秸秆等都有很高的利用价值。     

生产富硒稻谷的硒肥施用技术研究

以三系杂交水稻Ⅱ优7号和川香9838为试材,在大田栽培条件下,设置不同的硒肥叶面喷施时期以及硒肥施用量和施用方式试验,研究生产富硒稻谷的硒肥施用技术.结果表明:二次枝梗原基分化期和齐穗后6～12 d是籽粒吸收硒元素的关键时期,在这两个时期叶面喷施硒肥可以显著的提高水稻的产量和籽粒中的硒含量,增产的主要原因是促进了结实率的提高,同时千粒重也略有增加;在二次枝梗原基分化期和齐穗后10 d左右两次喷施长沙隆兴化工有限公司生产的有机富硒液体肥各3000 mL/hm2,稻米产品中硒含量稳定且符合富硒稻米国家标准( GB/T22499-2008).     

硒在植物中的生物学效应

随着对硒元素的逐步认识,研究者发现其在植物中的生物学效应十分显著.文章从硒对植物生长发育和提高作物产量与品质的作用、对种子萌发的影响、对根系活力及其能量代谢的影响等等方面做一综述.