通用型流感疫苗研究进展

疫苗免疫是目前防控流感病毒感染最有效的策略。现有流感疫苗在不同亚型间的交叉保护力较差,并且由于HA和NA蛋白存在抗原漂移和转换现象,极大地影响了现有疫苗的免疫保护效果,甚至导致疫苗免疫失败。而动物模型研究结果显示,基于流感病毒基因组保守区域的疫苗能够对不同型或亚型的流感病毒产生广谱的交叉保护,本文主要介绍基于M2e、HA和NP的通用型流感型疫苗研究进展。     

稀有鮈鲫芳香化酶基因的表达及内分泌干扰物（EDCs）暴露对其表达的影响

克隆稀有鮈鲫芳香化酶基因(cyp19a和cyp19b)片段,半定量方法检测其组织表达特异性,实时定量PCR检测2基因在孵化后18~50 d幼鱼的发育阶段表达情况,对成鱼进行3 d的乙炔基雌二醇(EE2,1 nmol/L)和壬基酚(NP,1μmol/L)药物暴露试验,实时定量PCR检测它们对2个基因表达的影响。结果显示,克隆获得759 bp的cyp19a和407 bp的cyp19b片段,cyp19a主要在卵巢中表达,cyp19b主要在脑中表达。在幼鱼发育阶段,cyp19a的表达没有显著差异,cyp19b在38 d后出现明显的下降;成体稀有鮈鲫cyp19a受到EE2极显著抑制(0.23倍,P<0.01),但NP抑制效果不显著(0.59倍),cyp19b在EE2和NP暴露后都有上调的趋势(1.83、1.02倍)。说明cyp19基因可以作为EDCs的作用靶分子,有助于对高等脊椎动物包括人类进行预测和风险评估。     

新城疫病毒F_(48)E_9株重组NP蛋白单克隆抗体制备及鉴定

制备新城疫病毒(NDV)NP蛋白单抗,以期为NDV抗原表位研究及检测方法建立方面奠定基础。利用NDV F48E9株pET32a-NP重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤细胞技术,间接ELISA筛选,获得了2株稳定分泌抗NP重组蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1G3、4B12。经间接ELISA测定,腹水抗体效价分别为1 2.56×105、1 5.12×105。亚类鉴定结果表明这两株单抗均为IgG1。Western blot分析结果显示,1G3、4B12均能特异性识别重组NP蛋白。与NDV感染细胞经间接免疫荧光试验检测均呈黄绿色荧光。经相加ELISA测定表明两株单抗识别的抗原表位不同。     

新疆不同类型春小麦品种花后干物质与氮磷的积累及转运规律研究

[目的]在自然生态条件下,研究不同品质类型春小麦品种干物质及氮磷的积累和转运规律.[方法]选用新疆主栽的8个春小麦品种,测定其花后干物质和氮磷的积累量,对其积累和转运规律进行研究.[结果]不同类型品种花后干物质与氮磷的积累动态均呈上升的趋势,成熟期干物质与氮磷的积累量强筋品种最高,其次为中筋品种,中强筋品种较低;从干物质与氮磷的转运情况来看,花前干物质转运量和干物质转运率由大到小依次为中强筋＞中筋＞强筋,花后干物质转运量为中强筋＞强筋＞中筋,花前于物质转运对籽粒的贡献率依次为强筋＞中筋＞中强筋.三种类型春小麦品种氮磷的积累与转运状况基本一致,氮磷花后积累量和花前氮磷转移量均为强筋＞中筋＞中强筋.[结论]不同类型春小麦品种之间干物质与氮磷的积累及转运存在一定程度的差异.     

Enhanced kernel set promoted by synchronous pollination determines a tradeoff between kernel number and kernel weight in temperate maize hybrids

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield is strongly related to the number of harvested kernels, where kernel number can be increased by synchronously pollinating silks rather than allowing them to be progressively pollinated as they naturally appear from the husks. However, there is scarce evidence on how this practice affects kernel weight (KW) and plant grain yield (PGY), and no report exists on its effects when combined with treatments aimed to reduce apical dominance, like male sterility and detasseling. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons (Exp₁ and Exp₂) using two hybrids, cropped at contrasting stand densities (3 and 9 plants per m²) and including (i) male-fertile and male-sterile versions, (ii) tasseled and detasseled plants, and (iii) natural (NP) and synchronous pollination (SP; pollen added manually to ears bagged 5 days after initial silking) systems. Tassel growth of sterile and fertile versions was also evaluated in a separate experiment (Exp₃). Detasseling increased the number of ears per plant reaching silking (P < 0.001) of NP plants, but this beneficial effect of reduced apical dominance did not improve kernel number per plant (KNP) or PGY. Similarly, the early arrest of anther growth in male-sterile plants had no clear benefit on KNP. In contrast, KNP was enhanced by synchronous pollination (range between −13% and +71%; average of +15.4% in Exp₁ and +3.9% in Exp₂). However, this pollination system promoted a decreased in KW (range between −30% and +4%; average of −11.8% in Exp₁ and −7.8 in Exp₂) such that the treatment had no effect on PGY (range between −19% and +37%; average of +1% in Exp₁ and −4% in Exp₂). Because plant growth rate around flowering was not different between pollination treatments, assimilate availability per kernel was reduced from ovary fertilization onwards in synchronously pollinated plants when compared to open pollinated plants. This explains the reduced KW when increasing KNP by synchronous pollination. In summary, none of the imposed treatments allowed grain yield to be increased at the plant level.     

抗A型禽流感病毒核蛋白特异性单克隆抗体研究

禽流感（AI）是由A型禽流感病毒（AIV）引起的一种发生于禽类的病毒性传染病。笔者以杂交瘤技术研制抗AIV共同抗原的特异单克隆抗体，旨在建立一种双抗体夹心ELISA方法快速检测AIV，以便为A型AIV的快速诊断技术的研究提供理论依据。     

传染性支气管炎病毒NP基因在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

[目的]生产具有生物活性的、可用于临床检测的NP融合蛋白抗原,建立可用于临床检测IB抗体诊断的试剂盒。[方法]利用RT-PCR技术扩增传染性支气管炎病毒M41株的NP基因,将之克隆并重组于原核表达载体pET-28a,经PCR、酶切鉴定及序列分析构建重组表达载体pET-NP,研究NP基因在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达。[结果]将重组载体pET-NP转化表达菌BL21,获得阳性重组菌pET-NP-BL。阳性重组子经IPTG诱导后,目的基因NP获得了高效表达。表达产物经过SDS-PAGE与Western blot检测表明,NP分子量约为49 kD,且以可溶性蛋白形式存在;表达产物可与特异性传染性支气管炎病毒抗血清发生免疫反应。表达产物可以用作检测IB抗体的抗原。[结论]该融合蛋白可用于生产检测IB的诊断试剂,生物安全性高,生产方便。但尚需建立适当的检测方法,进一步研究其实际诊断价值。同时也可以研制新型IB重组亚单位疫苗,进一步研究其刺激动物机体产生的细胞与体液免疫,深入研究新功能,筛选新的抗原表位,为生产新型IB基因工程疫苗奠定基础。     

新城疫病毒F48E9株NP基因的克隆与序列分析

根据NDV NP蛋白已知基因序列设计合成了一对引物，利用RT-PCR扩增出了F48E9株NP基因1598bp的片段，将该片段克隆到pMD18-T Vector上，并对所得到的重组质粒进行酶切分析、PCR鉴定，结果证明我们得到了这个基因片段的阳性重组子。为了更充分证实所得阳性质粒的可靠性，采用Sanger's双脱氧末端终止法对阳性重组子进行核苷酸序列测定，获得了F48E9株NP基因片段的基因序列，利用DNASIS分析软件，将F48E9株与La Sota株的相应序列进行比较，其核苷酸序列同源性为88.2%。至此，我们获得了F48E9株NP基因的全长克隆。     

新城疫病毒F48E9株M和NP基因的原核表达

根据新城疫病毒（NDV）F48E9国内标准强毒株编码序列设计了2对特异性引物,分别用于扩增M和NP基因。经序列测定,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a（＋）上,转化E．coliBL21（DE3）,筛选表达NDVF48E9株M蛋白和NP蛋白的菌株。IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE分析结果表明,NDVM蛋白在E．coliBL21（DE3）内以可溶形式存在,而NP蛋白以包涵体的形式表达。用纯化的M和NP蛋白免疫鸡制备超免疫血清,进行Western-blot分析;结果,它们可以与真核表达系统表达的M和NP蛋白以及NDV发生特异性反应,表明,原核表达系统表达的NDVM和NP蛋白具有良好的免疫原性和反应原性。     

Effect of NP9 on gene expression profile of NPC cell line CNE1

AIM: To identify the gene expression profiles of CNE1 cells stably transfected with NP9 expressing plasmid, and to explore the potential molecular function of NP9 gene.METHODS: CNE1 cells stably expressing NP9 protein and CNE1 cells transfected with empty vector were used as test and control. Differentially expressed genes were screened with high- throughout human genome array. Differential expression of 6 genes was analyzed with quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Of all the 14 500 human genes in array, 266 genes were revealed differential expression between test and control , of which 82 genes (RA>1)were up-regulated in test and 184 genes (RA<1) were down-regulated. 34 genes and 75 genes were found distinctively up-regulation (RA>1.5) and down-regulation (RA<1.5),respectively.CONCLUSION: NP9 expression in CNE1 cells leads to changes of some genes involved in regulation of cell cycle, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell signal transduction, cell adhesion. Some new clues may be provided for further studying the potential function and molecular mechanism of NP9 gene.