不同海拔地区牦牛组织线粒体LDH活性测定

[目的]进一步探讨高原动物对高原低氧的适应机制。[方法]测定青海省玛多县(海拔4300 m左右)和刚察县(海拔3 300 m左右)牦牛心肌、骨骼肌线粒体中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性。[结果]玛多县和刚察县牦牛心肌、骨骼肌线粒体的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性分别为(2472.40±276.58)、(2448.71±494.69)、(3855.07±316.44)、(3882.62±602.87)U/gPro;玛多牦牛的心肌、骨骼肌线粒体中的LDH活性极显著低于刚察牦牛(P<0.01)。[结论]在高原低氧环境下,牦牛随海拔高度升高对无氧代谢的依赖性降低。     

Measurement of Biological Oxygen Demand （BOD） in Sewage Wastewater Using Modified Inoculums

[目的]分析4个飞蝗亚种间的系统发育关系。[方法]利用PCR扩增技术测定了西藏飞蝗（L.migratoria tibetensis）和东亚飞蝗（L.m.manilensis）细胞色素氧化酶3亚基基因序列（COⅠ1539bp、COⅡ684bp、COⅢ792bp,共计3015bp）,结合GenBank下载的亚洲飞蝗（L.m.migratoria）和非洲飞蝗（L.m.migratorioides）的细胞色素氧化酶3亚基基因序列进行综合分析。以云斑车蝗（G.marmoratus）为外群,通过邻接法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法重建4个飞蝗亚种的分子系统树。[结果]在碱基组成上,A＋T的平均含量为69.57%,4个飞蝗亚种的密码子第3位点A＋T含量最高,其中最高的是COⅠ（达87.6%）;4个飞蝗亚种中核苷酸替换主要发生在密码子第3位,COⅡ的核酸替代率最高,第2位点较为保守,替换率在5.9%～15%之间;COI的起始密码子是特殊的CCG或ACG;4个飞蝗亚种的遗传距离在0.001～0.076之间;飞蝗属中4个亚种之间的系统发育关系为东亚飞蝗和西藏飞蝗亲缘关系最近,亚洲飞蝗与东亚飞蝗、西藏飞蝗亲缘关系次之,非洲飞蝗与其余3个亚种的亲缘关系较远。[结论]该研究可为西藏飞蝗亚种地位的确定提供分子依据。     

Mitophagy and heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is the end stage of various cardiovascular diseases. The prognosis of patients with HF is poor. The precise pathophysiological mechanism of HF is still not fully elucidated. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with HF. Mitophagy plays a crucial role in mitochondrial quality control. In this article, we review the present evidence implicating the role of mitophagy in HF, and provide the potential ther?apeutic strategies targeting mitophagy to improve outcome in the patients with HF.     

高温逆境下葡萄叶肉细胞叶绿体与线粒体位置相关性分析

利用透射电镜对经水杨酸(SA)和高温锻炼处理过的葡萄幼苗叶肉细胞进行了超微结构观察。观察到高温下,叶绿体与线粒体关系非常密切,线粒体数量较多,且常分布在叶绿体附近,二者靠的很紧,常常可以看到5~6个线粒体将叶绿体包围起来的现象。研究表明,葡萄叶肉细胞中线粒体和叶绿体在位置上的这种变化是对逆境的一种适应,是高温胁迫的结果。     

BCL-2家族的研究新进展

综述了BCL-2家族的结构、分类、功能及调控途径。     

牦牛解偶联蛋白 3基因的克隆测序和肌肉表达谱

为了比较高原牦牛和低海拔地区黄牛解偶联蛋白-3(UCP3)基因序列及其在骨骼肌中的表达水平,采用RT-PCR方法从牦牛背最长肌中克隆UCP3基因,所获得的cDNA序列编码区及推导的氨基酸序列与GenBank中黄牛相应序列相比相似度均为99.04%,编码区有9个碱基差异,并导致3个氨基酸的改变。实时定量RT-PCR分析显示,牦牛背最长肌中UCP2 mRNA水平显著高于黄牛,而背最长肌中UCP3 mRNA及股二头肌中UCP2、UCP3 mRNA水平均显著低于黄牛。另外,牦牛背最长肌中Mn-SOD活力显著高于黄牛。这些特征可能与牦牛肌肉在低氧环境中的能量代谢有关。     

番茄成熟突变体果实贮藏过程中细胞超微结构的变化

 对含有rin基因的番茄成熟突变体02612果实在贮藏过程中细胞超微结构的变化进行了研究。结果表明, rin突变体果实在贮藏期间果肉细胞壁完整、叶绿体、线粒体结构保持完好。rin突变体的耐贮性与其果肉细胞在贮藏过程中能够保持完整的结构有关。     

Ultrastructural alteration of lymphocytes in spleen and pronephros of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) experimentally exposed to microcystin-LR

Relatively little is known in relation to pathological changes of immune organs in fish when exposed to MC-LR. The ultrastructural alteration of lymphocytes was examined in the spleen and pronephros of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella injected experimentally with microcystin-LR. The fish were intraperitoneally injected with MC-LR at a dose of 50 µg/kg body weight, and the spleen and pronephros were dissected out at 1, 2, 7, 14 and 21 days post intraperitoneal injection (dpi). Pathological changes were then examined by transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected only in lymphocytes in the spleen, with obvious apoptotic features observed at 2 dpi; pathological changes of lymphocytes in the pronephros were also serious with mitochondria being highly edematous. However, damaged lymphocytes were almost un-observed in the spleen and pronephros at 21 dpi. These findings suggest that MC-LR can induce toxic effect on immune organs in grass carp, and the spleen may be much more sensitive to MC-LR stimulation.     

Promoting oocyte aging with abnormal mitochondrial function and antioxidant post ovulation in obesity mouse

AIM: To investigate the effects of obesity on mouse oocyte in vivo aging, its in vitro fertilization and embryo development. METHODS: The oocyte-cumulus granulosa cell complexes were obtained at the time points of 14 h, 18 h and 22 h after HCG injection. The in vitro fertilization and embryo culture were conducted. Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide double staining were performed to determine the apoptotic rate of cumulus granulosa cells. JC-1 and DCFH-DA were used to detect the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The levels of ATP and glutathione (GSH) in oocytes were also detected. RESULTS: The GSH level in obese mouse oocytes just after ovulation was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). No difference of blastocyst formation rate, ATP, ROS and cumulus granulosa cell apoptotic rate between obesity group and control group was observed (P>0.05). However, 18 h after HCG injection, ATP content and blastocyst cell numbers in obese mouse oocytes were less than those in control group (P<0.05), while ROS level in oocytes and the apoptotic rate of cumulus granulosa cells were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, MMP and blastocyst formation rate were significantly decreased in obesity group 22 h after HCG injection (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Obesity promotes oocyte aging after ovulation, and oxygen free radicals may play an important role in obesity-induced decrease of maternal infertility.     

线粒体ND5·Cytb部分序列在虎物种鉴定中的应用

[目的]根据线粒体ND5、Cytb基因部分序列,对送检的4件疑似虎的样品进行物种鉴定。[方法]利用PCR法,扩增样品的线粒体ND5、Cytb基因部分序列,对目的片段测序,通过blast比对,确定物种。[结果]4个样品的物种来源均为虎,但无法确认其亚种。[结论]虎亚种间的线粒体差异很小,并且存在不同亚种杂交的情况,只根据线粒体基因难以进行亚种鉴定。