Characterisation of three novel canine osteosarcoma cell lines producing high levels of matrix metalloproteinases

Three canine osteosarcoma cell lines were established from spontaneous pelvic and radial osteosarcomas. The cell populations cultured exhibited characteristics of malignancy and consisted of adherent, pleomorphic, mostly large spindle-shaped or polyhedral cells, characterised by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles. The main ultrastructural features included the presence of abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous cytoplasmic vesicles, deposit vacuoles and small cytoplasmic protrusions. Zymography showed that the cell lines produce high levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9, enzymes directly involved in crucial aspects of the metastatic process. Consistent with their osteoblastic lineage and malignant phenotype, all cell lines were immunoreactive to vimentin, osteopontin, PCNA, p53, MMP-2 and MMP-9, while they were negative for cytokeratin, desmin, SMA, Factor VIII, NSE, GFAP, Rb and p21 protein. No retroviral particles or RNA were detected ultrastructurally or with RT-PCR, although the possibility of viral involvement in osteosarcoma cannot be excluded. The new cell lines provide excellent in vitro models that may allow further studies on the pathobiology of canine osteosarcoma to be undertaken.     

丝素/明胶共混膜的结构与溶解性能的初探

将丝素溶液与明胶溶液按不同共混比在不同条件下进行混合,制备成丝素/明胶共混膜。用环境扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热分析系统分别测定共混膜的结构与热性能,采用烘干质量法测定共混膜的溶胀率和溶解率。结果表明:丝素与明胶的共混性好,共混膜结构改变,热稳定性好;烘干时间对共混膜的溶胀率和溶解率影响不显著,不同浓度乙醇处理对溶胀率有极显著影响,不同共混比则对溶胀率和溶解率都有极显著影响。     

明胶/PVA类肥料包膜材料的制备与环保性能研究

具有较好环保性能的包膜材料用于缓控释肥生产,可防止膜材料对土壤造成的潜在危害。本文以明胶、聚乙烯醇为原料复合共混制备膜材料,利用红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料结构,并研究了膜材料拉伸强度和断裂伸张率力学性能,受控堆肥条件下的生物降解行为,明胶/PVA复合材料包膜尿素的养分缓释性及对小鼠的急性经口毒性。结果表明:当复合膜材料配比为m_(PVA):m_(Gel)=4:1时,组分相容性最好,并表现出良好力学性能、养分缓释性能和生物降解性能,复合材料包膜的肥料对小鼠无毒性作用,具有较好安全性。因此明胶/PVA复合膜材料具有较好的环保性能,其作为缓控释肥料的包膜材料具有较好应用前景。     

罗非鱼(Tilapia)鱼皮提取明胶的工艺优化

以罗非鱼(Tilapia)鱼皮为原料,分别用碱法、酸法、酶法进行前处理,对3种方法的提取效果进行比较,筛选出最佳水解方法为酶法。优化了酶法处理后的漂白、熬胶工艺,获得鱼皮提取明胶的最佳工艺。结果显示,前处理采用0.2%的混合酶,调p H值至3.5,于40℃水浴中酶水解鱼皮1 h,用6%高锰酸钾溶液进行氧化漂白3 h,再用1.5%草酸溶液进行还原漂白45 min。控制p H值为5?6,分3次熬胶,每次分别将水浴加热升温至60℃、65℃、70℃,各加热2 h,过滤后将3次胶液合并,在真空度不低于500 mm Hg,温度不超过60℃的情况下浓缩至20%左右。然后在60℃的鼓风干燥箱干燥至明胶含水量14%以下,经粉碎机粉碎,即可得成品明胶。该工艺产品得率19.93%(湿基)、粘度13.1 m Pa·s、凝胶强度1034.3 g/cm2。     

复凝聚法制备苏云金杆菌微胶囊

[目的]探讨复凝聚法制备以明胶和阿拉伯胶为壁材的苏云金杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt）微胶囊的工艺.[方法]通过单因素试验,研究了明胶浓度、阿拉伯胶浓度、芯壁比、pH、反应温度和转速对微胶囊包埋效率的影响,再通过正交优化试验确定最佳制备条件.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和粒径测微仪对苏云金杆菌微胶囊形态及粒径分布进行表征.[结果]复凝聚法制备苏云金杆菌微胶囊最佳工艺条件为明胶浓度1.0％,阿拉伯胶浓度1.0％,芯壁比1∶1,复凝聚反应pH 3.6,温度40℃,搅拌速度550 r/min.在此条件下的包埋率达82.32％,粒径分布均匀且平均粒径在28.29 μm左右流动性好的球型固体微胶囊.[结论]该微胶囊符合实际应用需求,为杀虫剂的研制提供了理论依据.     

Optimization of Hydrolysis Conditions for Production of Gelatin Hydrolysates from Shark Skin Byproduct and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities

ABSTRACT

The effect of Alcalase hydrolysis conditions on antioxidant activities of shark skin gelatin hydrolysate (SSGH) byproduct was studied. Optimal hydrolysis condition for SSGH at 60°C, pH 7.5, and 2.70 AU kg^?1 gelatin protein was used for varied hydrolysis times (10–90 min). The IC₅₀ against DPPH radicals of SSGH hydrolyzed for 90 min (SSGH-90) was 27.39 mg ml^?1, which is greater than ascorbic acid. SSGH-90 was predominantly composed of 15–20 kDa protein fragments that regulated increases in peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values and suppressed decrease in DHA of a fish oil-in-water emulsion during storage at 30°C for 7 days.     

甜瓜果酒澄清技术研究

[目的]为甜瓜果酒的加工提供理论依据。[方法]利用物理条件(自然澄清、冷处理澄清、热处理澄清)和化学澄清剂(蛋清液澄清剂、明胶澄清剂、皂土澄清剂、果胶酶澄清剂)对甜瓜发酵原酒进行初步的澄清,并对处理后的甜瓜果酒的吸光度值、残糖、酸度、酒精度进行了测定,对其沉淀形成及色泽变化进行比较。[结果]使用0.8 g/L明胶或者1.2 g/L皂土处理甜瓜果酒澄清效果较好,对果香及酒体影响较小。同时,不同澄清处理方式对甜瓜果酒的酒精度、总酸及残还原糖几乎无影响。[结论]该研究得出的甜瓜果酒色泽淡黄有光泽,有甜瓜特有的果香味,酒香浓郁协调,适口柔和醇厚,体态澄清,无沉淀、无浮膜,各项理化指标和微生物指标符合行业标准。     

菊粉溶解性能与凝胶质构特性试验

对菊粉水溶液的黏度、膨胀度、持水力及凝胶质构特性进行了研究。当菊粉质量分数低于25%时,其水溶液黏度很低且随质量分数增加变化不明显,但当质量分数高于25%时,其黏度随质量分数增加迅速上升。菊粉膨胀度和持水力受温度影响显著,均在40℃时趋向最大值。采用凝胶指数(VGI)和成胶时间评价菊粉成胶能力的结果显示,只有当菊粉质量分数高于35%才能全部形成凝胶,且质量分数越高,成胶时间越短。通过TPA试验分析了菊粉凝胶的质构特性,结果表明随菊粉质量分数及贮藏时间的提高,凝胶硬度、强度、黏附力、黏着性和咀嚼性都有不同程度的提高,其中凝胶硬度、强度、黏着性及咀嚼性均在菊粉质量分数超过40%时增加明显。     

猪源肠球菌两种致病基因和表型的检测

为调查53株猪源肠球菌2种致病基因和2种表型的分布,应用聚合酶链反应检测53株肠球菌的2种致病基因,用50ml/L兔血平板和30g/L明胶平板检测β溶血和明胶溶解表型。检测结果表明,溶血素激活基因(cylA)明胶酶基因(gelE)为猪源肠球菌的主要致病基因;粪肠球菌2种致病基因和2种表型的检出率高于屎肠球菌;来源于新鲜猪肉中的粪肠球菌存在一定的致病力,提示注意食品卫生安全;在新鲜猪肉中检测到2株鸟肠球菌,基因型和表型检测说明其存在较弱毒力。     

Gelatin-walled microencapsulated diet for larval shrimp (Penaeus japonicus Bate) manufactured using the fluidized bed coating process

The gelatin-walled microencapsulated feed for larval shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) was produced using the fluidized bed coating process. The microencapsulated diet showed no significant agglomeration in the coating process and the diameters of the microdiet were in a normal distribution. Scanning electron microscopy microphotographs showed the appearance of a microencapsulated diet with a uniform surface and a continuous film around the core. The retention efficiency of vitamin C was 88.2% in the coating process. The inclusion efficiency, lipid encapsulation efficiency and nitrogen retention efficiency of the microdiet were 92.2 ± 1.6%, 76.8 ± 4.1% and 60.6 ± 5.2% respectively. The mysis α of P. japonicus were reared for 20 days to the later larval stage. The wet weight of larval shrimp increased 300.0% in the microdiet from 10 up to 30 day after hatching. The wet weight and the total length of larvae were greater in co-feeding compared with the control (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in larval survival between co-feeding and control (P>0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the wet weight, total length and survival in the microdiet compared with the control. The results indicated a huge potential for the use of the gelatin-walled microencapsulated diet for the partial and total replacement of live food for larval shrimp.