明胶/PVA类肥料包膜材料的制备与环保性能研究

具有较好环保性能的包膜材料用于缓控释肥生产,可防止膜材料对土壤造成的潜在危害。本文以明胶、聚乙烯醇为原料复合共混制备膜材料,利用红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料结构,并研究了膜材料拉伸强度和断裂伸张率力学性能,受控堆肥条件下的生物降解行为,明胶/PVA复合材料包膜尿素的养分缓释性及对小鼠的急性经口毒性。结果表明:当复合膜材料配比为m_(PVA):m_(Gel)=4:1时,组分相容性最好,并表现出良好力学性能、养分缓释性能和生物降解性能,复合材料包膜的肥料对小鼠无毒性作用,具有较好安全性。因此明胶/PVA复合膜材料具有较好的环保性能,其作为缓控释肥料的包膜材料具有较好应用前景。

Preparation and Environmental Protection Performance of Gelatin/PVA Coating Materials of Fertilizers

Environmentally friendly resin has been used as coating materials in manufacturing controlled/slow release fertilizers to prevent the potential damage of resin to soil. The coating materials with various mass ration of gelatin/PVA were obtained by solution blending. The chemical structures of the materials were investigated by FTIR and SEM, the tensile strength, breaking extension and nutrient release rate were measured. Moreover, the biodegradation behaviors of the materials under controlled composting conditions and the acute oral toxicity in mice were studied. The results showed that an optimal compatibility could be achieved when the mass ratio of PVA to gelatin was 4 to 1. The coating materials had good mechanical properties, biodegradability and sustained release properties. The materials were actually non-toxic to mice and had relatively good safety. In general, gelatin/PVA coating materials of fertilizers have good environmental protection performance and application prospect.