陆地棉和野生斯特提棉种间异源六倍体的合成与性状鉴定

陆地棉(Gossypiumhirsutum)是世界上重要的栽培棉种,野生斯特提棉(G.sturtianum)含有陆地棉所缺乏的许多优质基因。本研究通过陆地棉和斯特提棉的远缘杂交和染色体加倍,获得了自交可育的后代植株,对其进行流式细胞倍性检测和花粉母细胞减数分裂观察,筛选出2株染色体组完整的异源六倍体植株。统计鉴定表明,六倍体和亲本及三倍体比较,叶形介于双亲之间,叶面积增大,保卫细胞中叶绿体数明显增多;远缘杂种与亲本在花的表型性状方面差异明显,六倍体的花粉粒直径大于亲本和三倍体;六倍体棉纤维为白色,长度小于母本陆地棉,父本斯特提棉的种子腺体延缓发育性状在异源六倍体中得到表达。这些结果证明通过远缘杂交和加倍成功获得了陆地棉与斯特提棉间可育的异源六倍体新种质,为棉花遗传育种研究提供了有价值的材料。     

The effects of various plant protection methods on the development of Zymoseptoria tritici and Cephalosporium gramineum,grain yield and protein profile

Septoria leaf blotch progresses rapidly, leading to the development of Zymoseptoria titici forms resistant to fungicides. Cephalosporium stripe is caused by Cephalosporium gramineum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected pesticides in limiting the symptoms of both diseases on winter wheat leaves, and to determine their influence on grain yield and the content and composition of protein fractions in wheat kernels. Propiconazoles were most effective in inhibiting the development of Septoria leaf blotch (symptoms were reduced from 54.7% to 78.6%). Strobilurins were less effective due to the presence of isolates with the G143A mutation. Symptoms of Cephalosporium stripe were rarely observed, and protective treatments did not reduce their severity. The highest content of grain protein (14.81%) was found in plants most intensely protected with the fungicides containing fenpropimorph, pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole. The principal component analysis revealed that the plant protection method influenced the grain protein profile. The accumulation of HMW glutenins and α/β gliadins was mutually interrelated and higher in high-input treatments; control grain was characterized by close relationships between ω-gliadins, LMW glutenins, albumins and globulins, whereas low-input treatments influenced mostly γ-gliadins.     

Achyranthes aspera (Prickly chaff flower) leaves- and seeds-supplemented diets regulate growth,innate immunity,and oxidative stress in Aeromonas hydrophila-challenged Labeo rohita

ABSTRACT

The immunostimulatory and disease-resistance properties of Achyranthes aspera were evaluated in rohu (Labeo rohita) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Experimental diets were enriched with leaves at 0.25% (D1) and 0.5% (D2) and seeds at 0.5% (D3); the control diet (D4) was without any enrichment. Rohu (2.02 ± 0.23 g) were cultured for 75 days and then challenged with bacteria. The highest average weight was observed in the D3 diet-fed fish. The cumulative mortality rates were 70%, 60%, 40%, and 30% in the D4, D1, D2, and D3 diets fed to rohu respectively. Enriched diets significantly increased myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide synthase, and serum lysozyme levels and decreased malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein content. Expressions of lysozyme C and lysozyme G were significantly (P < .05) higher in the D3 diet-fed fish. In the kidney, IL-1β and TLR 4 were up-regulated in enriched-diet-fed fish. Supplementation of seeds and leaves at 0.5% showed a positive impact in fish.     

Effect of miRNA-33 on ABCA1/ABCG1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells after Hcy treatment

AIM:To study whether homocysteine (Hcy) inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) by microRNA-33 (miRNA-33) signaling, and reduces the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).METHODS:RAW264.7 macrophages were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish foam cell model. Oil red O staining was used to determine whether the model was established successfully. miRNA-33 mimics and miRNA-33 inhibitor were transfected into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000, and the cells were exposed to Hcy at concentration of 5 mmol/L for 24 h. The intracellular lipid droplets were observed by Oil red O staining. The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The cellular cholesterol content was analyzed by HPLC, and effluent rate of cholesterol was detected by the method of liquid scintillation counting.RESULTS:Compared with blank control group, the lipid content in miRNA-33 mimics group was increased, and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was decreased (P<0.05). The intracellular cholesterol content was increased gradually (P<0.05), and the cellular cholesterol efflux rate was gradually decreased (P<0.05) in miRNA-33 mimics group. Compared with blank control group, the testing results in miRNA-33 inhibitor group were the opposition of those in miRNA-33 mimics group (P<0.05). No diffe-rence of the above indexes among blank control group, miRNA-33 mimics-NC group and miRNA-33 inhibitor-NC group was observed.CONCLUSION:Hcy inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 through miRNA-33 signaling, and reduces the efficiency of RCT in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells.     

裸果木渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性对干旱的响应

裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)起源于古地中海,为荒漠区少有的第三纪孑遗植物种。本文采用2017年6月、7月和8月采集于甘肃安西自然保护区内的裸果木中龄和老龄植株叶片,分析自然干旱影响下叶片渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明:随着干旱程度的增加,裸果木叶片的可溶性蛋白(SP)显著积累,发挥着重要的渗透调节作用,中龄植株叶片的可溶性糖(SS)含量和老龄植株叶片的脯氨酸(Pro)含量先增加后显著降低,渗透调节作用有限。干旱加剧时,中龄植株叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性呈明显的先增后降。严重干旱时,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性明显增强,说明其通过4种酶的协同作用清除过剩的活性氧,减轻过氧化伤害;老龄植株叶片的CAT活性持续增强,APX活性明显的先升后降,POD活性在重度干旱时显著增强,主要通过这3种酶减轻膜系统伤害。丙二醛(MDA)含量则随干旱程度增大显著增加,膜脂过氧化程度不断加深。在相同的降雨条件下,裸果木中、老龄植株的Pro、SS、SP含量、POD和CAT活性、MDA含量对干旱的响应程度存在显著差异,隶属度函数评价法表明,老龄植株的抗旱能力大于中龄植株,表明裸果木的抗旱性随年龄的增大而提高。     

SCFAs对奶牛瘤胃上皮细胞Ca2+信号通路相关基因表达的影响

为探究短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)对奶牛瘤胃上皮细胞(BRECs)Ca~(2+)信号通路相关基因表达的影响,试验分为3个处理组,分别为野生型BRECs组,含20mmol/L SCFAs BRECs组,含20mmol/L SCFAs且通过CRISPR/Cas 9系统敲除GPR41基因的BRECs组,每个处理组3个重复,每组细胞均培养24h后,收集细胞提取总RNA,通过qRT-PCR对Ca~(2+)信号通路相关基因的mRNA表达量和细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度进行测定。结果表明,与野生型BRECs相比,添加20mmol/L SCFAs可极显著增加PLCB2的mRNA表达量(P0.01),显著增加IP3R1的mRNA表达量(P0.05),对PLCE1、PLCL1、PKCB和PKCG的mRNA表达量无显著差异(P0.05),可增加细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度但无显著差异(P0.05);敲除SCFAs的受体GPR41后,添加20 mmol/L SCFAs可显著降低IP3R1的mRNA表达量(P0.05),极显著上调PLCE1和PLCB2的mRNA表达量(P0.01),但对PLCL1、PKCB和PKCG的mRNA表达量无显著影响(P0.05),细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度有降低趋势但无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,SCFAs可以通过激活其受体GPR41来调控BRECs内Ca~(2+)信号通路中相关基因的表达和细胞内Ca~(2+)的释放。     

G and P genotype profiles of rotavirus A field strains circulating in beef and dairy cattle herds in Brazil, 2006–2015

The aim of this retrospective study was to use RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing analysis to determine the G (VP7 gene) and P (VP4 gene) genotypes of 155 Brazilian bovine rotavirus A (RVA) wild-type strains detected in diarrheic calves from all Brazilian geographical regions from 2006 to 2015. The RVA strains evaluated belonged to the G6, G10, P[5], and P[11] genotypes. The G6P[5] genotype was prevalent (65.5%; P < 0.05) in beef, and the G10P[11] (38.4%) and G6P[11] (30.8%) genotypes were more prevalent in dairy cattle herds. The Midwest was the region with the highest number of genotyped RVA strains, where the genotypes G6, P[5], and P[11] were identified. Genotype combination G6-IV/P[5]-IX, prevalent in beef herds, and G6-III/P[11]-III or G10-IV/P[11]-III, prevalent in dairy herds, were detected. In addition, for the first time in Brazil, we detected the P[5] and P[11] genotype RVA strains that belong to lineage II and VII, respectively.     

河南省羊肠道病毒的分离与序列测定

应用Vero细胞从河南省某腹泻羊场的粪便样品中分离出2株病毒。电镜观察显示,分离的病毒粒子直径大小为25~30 nm。单层免疫过氧化物酶对分离病毒进行了免疫学鉴定,结果显示分离的2株病毒均与羊肠道病毒CEV-JL14的高免血清发生强阳性反应。对RT-PCR扩增出的病毒基因片段进行了序列测定与比对分析,发现分离的2株病毒与CEV-JL14毒株处于同一分支,均为G种肠道病毒。本研究首次从河南省分离获得了羊肠道病毒,为进一步研究该病打下基础。     

Identification of sorghum genotypes suitable for specific end uses: Semolina recovery and popping

There has always been an interest in devising breeding programs for designer foods that would benefit both the producer and consumer. The challenge today is transformation of agriculture from “subsistence farming” to “market and income generation oriented” production system for which sorghum with its diverse end uses can assume significant role. Breeding for end-use identity-specific genotypes is needed for increased profitability to the farmers. In the present study, 60 sorghum genotypes were evaluated over two years to identify genotypes suitable for semolina recovery and popping properties, i.e. popping efficiency and pop volume expansion. Semolina recovery ranged from 20.7% to 48.3%, while popping efficiency ranged from 0 to 77.5%. Semolina recovery had positive and significant association with endosperm texture (r = 0.62), grain density (r = 0.49) and grain hardness (r = 0.55) indicating that genotypes with corneous endosperm yield high semolina. Also, semolina recovery had significant positive correlation with popping efficiency (r = 0.49) indicating that genotypes suitable for semolina can also be used for popping. Genetic divergence studies indicated that out of three clusters formed, cluster II having guinea race germplasm lines are suitable for semolina and popping. The information generated and the genotypes identified will help in enhancing the demand for sorghum as an industrial crop.