滇中冷凉山区不同播期反季花椰菜产量效益分析

为摸索滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期以集成高效栽培技术推广应用,于2017—2018年选择海拔2250 m的云南省峨山县塔甸镇大西村地块进行9个播期的2年随机区组试验。结果表明,花椰菜生育期随播期推迟而延长,而花球采收期除播期7月10日外随播期推迟而逐渐增长;花椰菜株高、外叶数、开展度、球高、球径和单球重等农艺性状有随播期延迟呈现先逐渐减小而后又逐渐增大的趋势;莲座期黑腐病和霜霉病的病情指数随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐升高而后又逐渐下降的趋势;花椰菜小区产量随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐下降而后又逐渐提高的趋势,播期4月20日和4月30日与其余7个播期产量之间的差异达极显著水平。综合花椰菜在冷凉山区反季节栽培的生产实际和各播期产量产值及商品性表现,推荐滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期为4月20—30日。     

不同类型花椰菜硫代葡萄糖苷组分与含量分析

采用HPLC法测定了3种类型15个花椰菜品种的硫代葡萄糖苷(Glucosinolates,简称硫苷)组分及含量。结果表明:供试花椰菜品种均含有9种硫苷,包括5种脂肪族硫苷:3-甲基硫氧烯丙基硫苷(Glucoiberin,IBE)、2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷(Progoitrin,PRO)、2-丙烯基硫苷(Sinigrin,SIN)、4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷(Glucoraphanin,RAA)和3-丁烯基硫苷(Gluconapin,NAP);4种吲哚族硫苷:4-羟基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin,4OH)、3-甲基吲哚基硫苷(Glucobrassicin,GBC)、4-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(4-Methoxyglucobrassicin,4ME)和1-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(Neoglucobrassicin,NEO)。各品种的吲哚族硫苷总含量均高于脂肪族硫苷总含量,其中NEO和GBC是花椰菜的主要硫苷组分,分别占总硫苷含量的42.61%和35.02%。不同花椰菜品种的硫苷总含量差异较大,变异范围在0.3323~4.8728μmol·g-1(FW)之间;紫花菜的总硫苷含量最高,松花菜其次,紧花菜最低。     

花椰菜病害数值诊断法的研究

对花椰菜常见病害进行总结、归类,运用模糊数学原理和灰色系统理论,将病害症状信息量化为诊断指数,然后在诊断中用模糊识别法进行比较鉴别,经简单加减运算求和,以和值最大者为诊断结论.经回顾性验证、考核性验证以及双盲试验,证明此方法简单易行,且准确率高达99%,便于推广和应用.     

通过花药漂浮培养提高花椰菜小孢子胚胎发生率

通过花药漂浮培养,成功地诱导两个秋花椰菜基因型的小孢子胚胎发生.在液体培养基与固、液体双层培养基上,小孢子胚胎产量相仿,但后者褐色胚产生较多.在液体培养基中加入62.5mg/L的硝酸银对诱导小孢子胚胎发生效果较好.试验结果表明,采用花药漂浮培养方法可以明显提高花椰菜小孢子胚产量.     

Database derived microsatellite markers (SSRs) for cultivar differentiation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica oleracea</Emphasis>

Fifty-nine Brassica oleracea cultivars, belonging to five botanical varieties, were evaluated for microsatellite (SSR) polymorphisms using 11 database sequence derived primer pairs. The cultivars represented 12 broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), ten Brussels sprouts (B. o. var. gemmifera), 21 cabbage (B. o. var. capitata, including the groups white and red cabbage), six savoy cabbage (B. o. var. sabauda), and ten cauliflower (B. o. var. botrytis) cultivars from 13 seed suppliers. The 11 primer pairs amplified in total 47 fragments, and differentiated 51 of the cultivars, whereas the remaining eight cultivars were differentiated from the rest in four inseparable pairs. All SSR markers, except one, produced a polymorphic information content (PIC value) of 0.5 or above. The average diversity for all markers within the tested material was 0.64. There was no major difference in the diversity within botanical varieties and groups. The cluster analysis and the resulting dendrogram showed that the cultivars tended to group within these taxonomic units. The present study substantiates the use of microsatellite markers as a powerful tool for cultivar differentiation and identification in vegetable brassicas.     

花椰菜新品种—丰花60

‘丰花６０’为秋中早熟花椰菜一代杂种，成熟期约６０ｄ，花球组织致密，雪白细嫩，平均单球重０．５７－０．９０ｋｇ，产量３００００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，比对照品种白峰增产２６．９％－４８．３％，生长势强，抗病性好。     

花椰菜异源细胞质雄性不育材料的初步研究

以Ｏｇｕｒａ不育胞质为供体，不同生育期花椰菜品种为受体，通过回交获得花椰菜异源细胞质雄性不育材料。该材料每世代均具有雄性不育特性，雄蕊主要呈戟形，少量呈瓣状，羽毛状，丝状及雄蕊心皮化，极少数花药具有花粉粒，花粉粒开裂，回交转育克服了不育胞质供体存在雌蕊功能障碍，闭蕾，败蕾，柱头外露以及蜜腺缺失等缺陷。     

出口白菜花使用农药的风险分析和关键控制点透视

介绍了白菜花使用农药的HACCP原则,剖析了白菜花产区常用的重要农药使用现状及风险情况,对农药的风险分析及关键控制点进行了透视。     

正交设计优化花菜类SRAP分子标记体系的研究

采用正交设计,从Mg^2＋、dNTPs、引物三种因素3个水平对青花菜SRAP反应体系进行优化,确立适合青花菜的SRAP反应体系,并在6个青花菜和花椰菜品种中进行验证。结果表明：20μ/L反应体系中适宜体系的浓度dNTPs为0．2mmol／L、Mg^2＋为1．25mmol／L、上下引物各0．4μmol／L、DNA为20ng、Taq酶1．2U、退火温度为50℃。     

Comprehensive assessment of nutrient management technologies for cauliflower production under subtropical conditions

We developed a methodological protocol for comprehensive evaluation of nutrient management (NM) technologies for production of cauliflower taking its yield, quality, profitability, energy balance and environmental sustainability in terms of soil quality as the goal variables. Fifteen NM technologies comprising three sources of nutrients viz., organics [farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC) and green manure], inorganic fertilizations (recommended NPK at the rate of 200-44-82 kg ha⁻¹and 125% of recommended NPK) and their selected combinations were tested for producing cauliflower for six consecutive growing seasons during 2006–2011. Integrated NM technology proved to be economically sound and environment-friendly practice. It helped to produce better quality cauliflower with higher value added products such as crude protein, dietary fibre, and vitamin C. Further, it concomitantly maintained better soil quality by improving soil organic carbon stock, microbial biomass carbon, bulk density and extractable plant available nutrients. Combining all the parameters together by employing non-parametric evaluation of regression factor scores through principal component analysis, the NM technology of FYM 5 Mg ha⁻¹ + 125% of recommended NPK and VC 3 Mg ha⁻¹ + 125% of recommended NPK were found to be the best among the NM technologies compared. The superiority of the technologies were attributed to higher curd biomass yield (8.36 and 9.70 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively), higher economic return (benefit-cost ratio 2.7 and 2.5; marginal rate of return 8.0 and 5.1, respectively), more energy conserving efficiency (net energy 22.4 and 25.7 GJ ha⁻¹; output-input energy ratio 1.86 and 2.00, respectively) and greater improvement in the indices of soil quality (6.219 and 5.709, respectively) and crop quality for human (6.7 and 7.4, respectively) and animal (7.4 and 6.4, respectively) nutrition. Organics were less productive, less profitable, and energetically less efficientas compared to integrated and inorganic systems for cauliflower production in subtropics.