洋葱型大蒜及其成因分析

洋葱型大蒜为大蒜鳞茎异常生理变态所形成的类似洋葱鳞茎结构的大蒜(原称“面包蒜”),该鳞茎主要由肥厚的叶鞘基部及鳞芽的外层鳞片加厚所构成,无肉质鳞片或肉质鳞片极不发达,可形成蒜薹或无薹分化,无任何食用价值。洋葱型大蒜的形成与N、P、K超量施用且配比不当,追N过多且时间过早,土壤过于粘重并长期处于水分饱和状态等有密切关系。     

Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under controlled environments : II. Effects of shifting day/night temperature regimes on scale bulblets

One-year old scale bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown for 107 days during growth period 1 (GP-1) in six growth chambers under constant day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C. Subsequently, half of the plants in each temperature regime were transferred to 18/14 °C and the other half continued at the six constant temperature regimes. Both groups of plants were grown for an additional 89 days in growth period 2 (GP-2). Continuous temperatures of 26/22, 26/22–22/18 and 26/22–18/14 °C produced the greatest increase in basal bulb fresh weight (the main planted bulb), basal bulb circumference and stem bulb fresh weight, respectively. However, shifting these optimal temperatures to 18/14 °C during GP-2 resulted in a lower increase in basal bulb fresh weight and circumference. The optimum range for stem bulb production was expanded to 30/26–14/10 °C by shifting to 18/14 °C. The greatest increase for basal root growth occurred at 14/10–10/6 °C and for stem root growth at 14/10 °C. The temperature shift did not affect either root type. Maximum increase for stem length was at 26/22 and 22/18 °C and for stem plus leaf weight at 14/10 °C under constant temperature regimes. Transferring the plants from 10/6 to 18/14 °C resulted in the greatest increase in stem length and from 10/6 and 14/10 to 18/14 °C in the greatest increase in stem plus leaf weight. The greatest increase in the number of leaves occurred at 26/22 and 10/6 °C, but this growth parameter was unaffected by shifting to 18/14 °C, indicating that leaf number was determined in GP-1. Bulbils developed only when bulbs at high GP-1 temperature regimes (30/26 and 26/22 °C) were transferred to 18/14 °C during GP-2. Lower temperatures tended to favor an increase in flower bud production under continuous temperature regimes, while shifting to 18/14 °C increased flower bud production after initially high and low temperatures. Meristem abortion was greatest at 30/26 °C followed by 26/22 °C, but was not affected by temperature shifts in GP- 2. Thus, it is concluded that the abortion was induced or initiated during GP-1.     

灯泡体支撑件对贯流泵水力性能的影响

灯泡体支撑件(包括进人孔和底部支承)是贯流泵装置内部重要的过流部件,本文采用CFD方法对贯流泵装霞内部流场进行数值模拟,对不同支撑件形状进行了比较分析和优化,并与试验结果比较.结果表明,进人孔和底部支承的形状对泵装置的水力损失和水流流态的影响都比较明显,合理的支撑件形状可以改善流态、减少水流环量,提高泵装置效率.     

百合鳞茎不定芽诱导与增殖配方优化

以百合‘辛普隆’(‘Simplon’)和‘黄色风暴’(Lilium‘Yelloween’)的鳞茎为材料,MS为基本培养基,在(25±2)℃,暗培养下,采用正交试验设计方法研究百合鳞茎不定芽的诱导与增殖。结果表明:①NAA 0.2 mg·L-1有利于‘辛普隆’鳞茎诱导,诱导率80.21%,平均诱导鳞茎2.86个;②NAA 0.4 mg·L-1有利于‘黄色风暴’鳞茎诱导,诱导率46.41%,平均诱导鳞茎2.40个;③蔗糖是影响‘辛普隆’鳞茎增殖主要因子,6-BA是影响‘黄色风暴’鳞茎增殖的主要因子;④MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+Ad 5 mg·L-1+蔗糖60 g·L-1组合有利于‘辛普隆’鳞茎增殖,增殖率2.22;MS+6-BA 1.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+Ad 10.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖40 g·L-1有利于‘黄色风暴’鳞茎增殖,增殖率4.5。     

兰州百合微繁的研究

以兰州百合的鳞茎增殖为基础,进行了离体微繁研究。鳞茎增殖的适宜激素组合为0.9mg/LBA 0.1~0.2mg/LNAA。培养基中总离子浓度和氮浓度过高或过低都会影响兰州百合增殖,3种基本培养基N6、MS、和1/2MS以N6增殖效果最好。适当提高糖浓度对鳞茎增殖有促进作用,在各处理中以蔗糖浓度为40g/L增殖倍数高。兰州百合的适宜生根培养基为1/2MS IBA0.1mg/L,生根率达100%,生根苗移栽成活率达90%。     

细叶百合的无性繁殖

以细叶百合（Lilium pumilum DC.）的鳞片为材料，通过扦插繁殖方法，观察不同基质、鳞茎的不同生长年龄、鳞茎的外、中、内层及同一鳞片的上、中、下段对鳞片繁殖小鳞茎的影响。结果表明：在扦插基质的选择实验中，用3年生细叶百合做扦插材料，25℃，避光条件下，以草炭 珍珠岩（1：1）的混合物为基质时，鳞片产生的小鳞茎数最多，150片鳞片可产生172个小鳞茎；从年龄效应和位置效应的实验观察，4年生细叶百合鳞片生成小鳞茎最多，小鳞茎的平均直径也较大；鳞茎的外、中层鳞片的下部在适宜的条件下比鳞片的中、上部容易诱导出鳞茎。     

广西莪术种球分级依据及其特性研究

[目的]研究了广西莪术种球分级、采收时期与种球品质的关系。[方法]以采挖自广东省乳源县的广西莪术为试材,将采挖的种球分为2类:当年新球、去年老球(母球)。其中新球分为4级:一级直径(4~6 cm)、二级(直径3~4 cm)、三级(直径2~3 cm)、四级(直径2cm以下),从外观指标和生理指标两个角度探讨了广西莪术种球分级、采收时期对种球品质的影响。[结果]10月份采收的一级和二级广西莪术新球淀粉含量和可溶性蛋白质含量高,可溶性糖含量低,与11月份采收的种球相比差异显著;一级、二级种球的发芽率分别高于11月份采收种球的34%、24%,老球的发芽率最低,仅为22%。[结论]10月份采挖的一级、二级广西莪术种球品质最好,腐烂率为零,适用于生产栽培。     

毛百合繁殖生物学研究（Ⅵ）：毛百合地下部分的动态研究

毛百合根系发育和地上部分的生长发育与气象因子密切相关。当地中５～１０ｃｍ处的平均温度达０℃左右时，鳞茎开始萌动，地下根系也开始活动，并随气温、地温、降水等指标的增加而逐渐增强；地上部分的株高也随之增加。６月中旬至８月中旬各因素均处于最高水平，毛百合的地下部分也生长发育最快，鳞茎形成新生长锥、基根总长达最大值，地上茎基部形成上根；地上部分正值开花结果盛期。８月中、下旬后各气象因素指标开始下降，毛百合     

不同基质对切花百合生长及种球的影响

为筛选最适宜切花百合栽培的基质,选择切花百合品种"西伯利亚"作为指示品种,利用7种基本基质,组合成28个不同基质的处理进行盆栽试验,结果表明:珍珠岩、蛭石、草炭和蛭石(1∶1)、草炭和珍珠岩(1∶1)4种基质适合百合切花生产栽培;草炭、森林土、珍珠岩、蛭石、草炭与蛭石(1∶1)、草炭与珍珠岩(1∶1)、蛭石与珍珠岩(1∶1)、细砂与草炭(1∶1和1∶2)基质适合切花百合种球的生长。基质的pH值和通透性是基质筛选中应首先考虑的因子,要求基质有良好的通透性,pH值5.4左右。     

红花石蒜的组织培养

选用双鳞片法切割红花石蒜鳞茎为外植体,采用MS基本培养基,以两种植物生长调节剂NAA和6-BA不同浓度配伍,研究了不同消毒时间和不同激素浓度对小植株诱导和不定芽诱导的影响。结果表明:利用0.1%升汞溶液浸泡石蒜鳞茎10~15min消毒效果最好;MS+2mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA是小植株诱导的最佳培养基;MS+NAA 2mg/L+6-BA2mg/L是不定芽诱导的最佳培养基;MS+2mg/L NAA对于小鳞茎的生根效果最好。