广西莪术种球分级依据及其特性研究

目的]研究了广西莪术种球分级、采收时期与种球品质的关系。方法]以采挖自广东省乳源县的广西莪术为试材,将采挖的种球分为2类:当年新球、去年老球(母球)。其中新球分为4级:一级直径(4~6 cm)、二级(直径3~4 cm)、三级(直径2~3 cm)、四级(直径2cm以下),从外观指标和生理指标两个角度探讨了广西莪术种球分级、采收时期对种球品质的影响。结果]10月份采收的一级和二级广西莪术新球淀粉含量和可溶性蛋白质含量高,可溶性糖含量低,与11月份采收的种球相比差异显著;一级、二级种球的发芽率分别高于11月份采收种球的34%、24%,老球的发芽率最低,仅为22%。结论]10月份采挖的一级、二级广西莪术种球品质最好,腐烂率为零,适用于生产栽培。

Study on the Classification Basis of Curcuma kwangsiensis Bulb and its Characteristics

Objective] The research aimed to study the relationships between bulb classification and the harvesting stage of Curcuma kwangsiensis and bulb quality.Method] With C.kwangsiensis dug from Ruyuan County of Guangdong Province as tested materials,the dug bulbs were classified into 2 groups: new bulbs in the current year and old bulbs in last year.Then new bulbs were divided into 4 levels: the 1st class(diameter of 4～6 cm),the 2nd class(diameter of 3～4 cm),the 3rd class(diameter of 2～3 cm) and the 4th class(diameter of below 2 cm).The effects of bulb classification and the harvesting stage of C.kwangsiensis on the bulb quality were discussed from 2 aspects of appearance indexes and physiological indexes.Result] The 1st and 2nd classes of new bulbs in C.kwangsiensis harvested in October had high contents of starch and soluble protein and low content of soluble sugar,with significant difference with that in the bulbs harvested in November.The germination rate of the 1st and 2nd classes of bulbs were 34% and 24% higher than that of the bulbs harvested in November resp.The germination rate of old bulbs was lowest(only 22%).Conclusion] The quality of the 1st and 2nd classes of C.kwangsiensis bulbs that were dug in October was best and the rot rate was zero.So they were suitable for the production and cultivation.