Phenotypic and allelic variation for wort protein Z in Australian and Canadian barleys

Protein Z is a major component in beer foam. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze wort proteins of two Australian (Buloke and Commander) and two Canadian (CDC Meredith and Bentley) varieties. The Canadian barley contained more abundant proteins from MW 40–45 kDa (pI 5 to 7). These proteins were identified as either protein Z4 or protein Z7 using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Full-length gene of protein Z4 and Z7 were sequenced from Canadian and Australian barleys. Sequence differences were identified in the coding region and upstream regions of the two genes, resulting in protein sequence and expression variations. Molecular markers were designed according to the indels in the upstream regions of protein Z4 and Z7 genes. These markers were highly correlated to wort protein Z content in Canadian and Australian varieties. The Canadian barleys contained ‘high level’ genotypes for protein Z4 and Z7 while most Australian barleys had ‘low level’ genotypes for protein Z4, Z7 or both. The markers identified in this study provide a valuable tool for the selection of protein Z alleles in marker-assisted breeding. Total protein Z content was assessed using different steeping conditions, and increasing air-rest time increased protein Z content in 15 varieties.     

挤压蒸煮大麦作啤酒辅料的糖化试验研究

采用二次正交旋转组合试验方法，研究了作啤酒辅料的大麦挤压蒸煮系统的模孔孔径、套筒温度、大麦含水率、螺杆转速和模板内表面至螺杆末端端面的距离，对醪液的主要考察指标——麦汁的过滤速度、碘值、浸出物收得率的影响规律。研究表明，挤压蒸煮大麦可以作啤酒辅料，且麦汁浸出物收得率为72．04％，高于传统不挤压大麦辅料的麦汁浸出物收得率。     

施肥对啤酒大麦品质的影响

本研究通过对黑龙江省四种主要类型土壤养分的分析 ,开展了啤酒大麦氮、磷、钾主要营养元素与品质关系的研究。提出了施肥对啤酒大麦品质调控的措施。通过氮肥分期施用和控氮、增磷、钾使啤酒大麦的品质达到优质标准 ,并建立了四种主要类型土壤的合理施肥模式     

灌水量对啤酒大麦产量及品质的影响

在甘肃武威通过连续3 a田间试验,研究了不同灌水量对甘啤4号和甘啤7号产量和品质的影响。结果表明,3 a平均生育期灌水3 000 m3／hm2处理比灌水6 000 m3／hm2处理早熟3 d左右,但在年份和灌水量相同的情况下,甘啤4号与甘啤7号生育期基本相同。3 a基本苗和成穗数甘啤7号均高于甘啤4号,不同灌水量对同一品种的基本苗和成穗数影响不显著,灌水量对两个品种蛋白质含量影响不显著。在不同灌水量下,3 a平均千粒重甘啤4号均高于甘啤7号,两个品种3 aS,饱满度灌水3 000 m3／hm2处理均大于灌水6 000 m3／hm2处理。3 a平均折合产量灌水3 000 m3／hm2处理甘啤7号高于甘啤4号,灌水6 000 m3／hm2处理甘啤7号略低于或相当于甘啤4号。     

影响啤酒大麦种子发芽整齐度的因素

综述影响啤酒大麦种子发芽整齐度的因素 ,着重介绍了品种、籽粒整齐度 (包括粒重和粒位 )对发芽整齐度的影响 ,旨在为培育优质啤酒大麦提供借鉴。     

酶法提取啤酒糟中水溶性膳食纤维的研究

[目的]采用响应面法优化啤酒糟中水溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺,以期提高啤酒糟的综合利用价值。[方法]采用酶法提取啤酒糟中水溶性膳食纤维。在单因素试验基础上,以温度、纤维素酶量、固液比3个因素为自变量,水溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值,进行响应面分析,确定最佳工艺参数。[结果]啤酒糟中水溶性膳食纤维最佳提取条件:温度为50.8℃、纤维素酶量为6.7%、固液比(g∶m L)为1∶14。当满足最佳提取条件时,验证值为5.16%。根据最佳提取条件进行验证试验,水溶性膳食纤维的实际得率为5.09%,相对误差为1.36%。[结论]酶法提取提高了水溶性膳食纤维得率,且操作简单、可重复性强,适用于啤酒糟中水溶性膳食纤维的提取。     

樟子松松塔保健啤酒的研究

[目的]研究添加樟子松松塔对啤酒品质的影响。[方法]采用现代啤酒酿造技术,在麦汁煮沸过程中添加松塔,探究松塔对啤酒发酵酵母菌、发酵度、风味、泡沫的影响及松塔的适宜用量。[结果]试验表明,添加松塔对啤酒酵母的繁殖、啤酒泡沫、风味及发酵度均有一定的影响,松塔加入量在1～2 g/L范围内对啤酒的发酵和风味影响不大,并且可增加啤酒保健功能,使啤酒在保持原有风味的基础上增添松塔特有的芳香。[结论]研究可丰富啤酒的花色品种,为樟子松松塔保健啤酒的开发与应用提供参考。     

不同浓度啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白与硼砂组合对橘小实蝇的捕杀效果

于阳桃园和番石榴园,田间测定了不同浓度啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白与硼砂组合对橘小实蝇的诱捕和诱杀效果。结果表明:在诱捕和诱杀试验中,随着蛋白浓度和硼砂浓度的增加,酶解蛋白硼砂组合对橘小实蝇的捕杀数量呈逐渐增加趋势,以25 g/L蛋白、0.09 mol/L硼砂组合最高。通过诱捕和诱杀试验确定啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白的最佳田间使用浓度为20~25 g/L,硼砂的添加量为0.06~0.12 mol/L。     

绿洲灌区垄作沟灌啤酒大麦的产量及节水效应研究

为了提高绿洲灌区的水资源利用效率,研究了啤酒大麦垄作沟灌栽培的产量效应及节水效果。结果表明,垄作栽培方式有较好的增产、节水、增温效应,与平作栽培相比,4、5月份5cm土层的温度分别提高1.27℃和1.39℃,垄作沟灌栽培啤酒大麦田间长势优于平作栽培,对土壤水分的消耗相对增大,水分对产量的贡献率提高,增产节水效果显著。在相同的灌溉定额下,垄作沟灌较平作栽培啤酒大麦千粒重增加2.10～5.37g,穗粒数增加0.7～7.2粒,产量增加480.5～1 983.6kg.hm-2,增幅6.86%～55.05%,水分利用效率提高5.18%～35.40%,节水1 500m3.hm-2,节水增产效果显著。     

Impact of different beer yeasts on wheat dough and bread quality parameters

In order to investigate the impact of different yeast strains from the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the dough and bread quality parameters, wheat flour was fermented using different beer yeasts. The results show that beer yeast strains could be included in the baking process since S. cerevisiae T-58 and S. cerevisiae s-23 provided adequate gas production and dough formation with superior structural properties like extensibility and stickiness to S. cerevisiae baker's yeast. The resulting breads show the highest specific volume with the highest slice area and the highest number of cells and the lowest hardness over time. The different yeasts had also an impact on the crust colour due to their abilities to ferment different sugars and on shelf life due to the production of a range of different metabolic by-products. According to this study it was possible to produce higher quality bread by using yeast coming from the brewing industry, instead of bread containing standard baker's yeast.