响应面法优化香水莲花甾醇的超声提取工艺

为了分析香水莲花的植物甾醇含量并优化其超声提取工艺,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定香水莲花中菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇的含量,再以上述3种甾醇提取量为评价指标,对液料比、超声提取温度和超声提取时间进行单因素试验,在此基础上,再采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化香水莲花甾醇提取工艺并进行验证。结果表明,影响香水莲花甾醇提取量的主次因素是液料比>提取时间>提取温度,其最优工艺条件为以95%乙醇为提取溶剂、超声功率100 W、液料比30∶1（mL/g）、超声提取温度60 ℃、超声提取时间30 min;在最优工艺条件下进行验证实验,得出香水莲花中甾醇含量为菜籽甾醇64.61 mg/100 g、菜油甾醇40.77 mg/100 g、β-谷甾醇99.04 mg/100 g,总甾醇204.42 mg/100 g,综合评分与预测值相比差异不显著（P<0.05）。研究结果为香水莲花资源的开发和利用提供参考。     

一类新型植物生长延缓剂的作用机理及其应用

含有降冰片烯二氮杂环丁烯、三唑、嘧啶、吡啶和咪唑类结构的一类新型植物生长延缓剂,其共同的特征是在分子内杂环中的 sp~2杂化 N 上具有一对孤对电子。这对孤对电子作为第六配体结合到细胞色素 P-450内血红素铁上,代替了催化反应中所需的氧,导致某些依赖细胞色素P-450的单氧酶失活,并因此影响与 GA,ABA 和甾醇等有关的代谢途径,进而调节植物的生长和发育过程。因此,这类植物生长延缓剂在农林和园艺等方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

植物甾醇对团头鲂生长、血脂和肝胰脏抗氧化功能的影响

选取体质量(74.52±1.03)g的团头鲂480尾,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾,分别投喂添加0(对照组)、20mg/kg(试验Ⅰ组)、40mg/kg(试验Ⅱ组)和80mg/kg(试验Ⅲ组)植物甾醇的配合饲料,进行为期81d的饲养试验。试验结果表明,40、80mg/kg植物甾醇可提高团头鲂质量增加率及特定生长率(P0.05),其中40mg/kg组效果更佳,对肌肉粗蛋白含量影响不显著,对肌肉粗脂肪含量有一定提高(P0.05);添加40mg/kg植物甾醇显著降低了81d血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P0.05)。在本试验条件下,添加40mg/kg植物甾醇效果最佳。     

甾醇提取过程中回收甘油方法及工艺条件的研究

根据甾醇提取工艺的特点,建立了废水处理的工艺流程,并对其试验条件进行优化。活性炭脱色的最佳条件：粉末状活性炭用量为2．0％,反应温度为80℃,反应时间20min。此工艺硫酸钠的收率为80％～85％,经离子交换脱盐,真空浓缩后甘油含量89．3％,甘油的回收率89．1％。该工艺处理后的水可以再利用。     

Analysis of Phytosterol,Fatty Acid,and Carotenoid Composition of 19 Microalgae and 6 Bivalve Species

ABSTRACT

In this study, the functional components of 19 microalgae and 6 bivalve species were investigated in the context of the application in bivalve feeding and human health food. Principal component analysis was performed to detect any association between the functional components and individual microalgal species or taxonomic group. The proportions of the functional components differed depending on the taxonomic group or species of microalga. The genera Cheatoceros, Thalassiosira, and Isochrysis contained high concentrations of fucosterol and fucoxanthin, which are present in large amounts in brown algae. Diatoms, haptophytes, and eustigmatophytes, which are used as feed for bivalves, were rich in fucosterol and eicosapentenoic acid (EPA); further, haptophytes were rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In addition, the microalgae associated with red tide, i.e., the raphidophytes, were found to be rich in fucoxanthin, β-sitosterol, and EPA, whereas dinoflagellates were rich in DHA. Seven bivalve species also contained high concentrations of fucosterol, EPA, and DHA, as did microalgae, which were used to feed by bivalves. These results are useful in selecting microalgae effectively as feed of the bivalves.     

植物甾醇对肉鸭胆固醇代谢和抗氧化性能的影响

2000只15日龄的商品代樱桃谷肉鸭随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复100只肉鸭,分别饲喂添加0(对照组)、10、20、40、80mg/kg植物甾醇日粮。42日龄试验结束时,每组随机抽取公、母鸭各5只屠宰,测定各项指标。结果表明,植物甾醇对生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。植物甾醇降低了肉鸭血清中总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量,当添加量为40mg/kg时差异显著(P<0.05);日粮中添加10mg/kg、20mg/kg和40mg/kg植物甾醇后,肉鸭肝脏胆固醇合成速度明显加快;添加80mg/kg植物甾醇的试验组肉鸭,血浆中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著(P<0.05)升高,添加10或40mg/kg植物甾醇的组,肝脏中T-SOD活性显著(P<0.05)升高。结果提示植物甾醇可能通过抑制低密度脂蛋白的生成来降低血脂,同时影响肝脏内源性胆固醇的合成,并且可能通过提高机体抗氧化酶活性达到抗氧化效果。     

新疆棉籽油脱臭馏出物的研究现状

综述了新疆棉籽油脱臭馏出物的基本成分、分离提纯方法、甲酯化研究,以及脱臭馏出物生产植物甾醇、VE和脂肪酸甲酯的综合应用现状。     

Effects of various dietary factors on astaxanthin absorption in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

The experiment was designed to investigate the dietary factors that might enhance or interfere with astaxanthin (Ax) absorption in salmon including potentially interfering factors such as certain carotenoids (zeaxanthin and lutein), plant sterols, fibre and enhancing compounds such as cholesterol and vitamin E. Two hundred and eighty‐eight salmon (778 ± 78 g) were reared in sea water under controlled conditions and fed practical experimental diets. The experimental diets were supplemented with 40 mg Ax kg^?1, in addition to various dietary factors, including cholesterol (2%), vitamin E (450 IU kg^?1), wheat bran (5%), lutein (40 mg kg^?1), zeaxanthin (40 mg kg^?1) and phytosterol (2%). After 26 days of feeding, blood was collected and plasma was separated to determine the plasma Ax concentration. Ax was not detected in the plasma of fish fed the non‐pigmented diet. Fish fed diet containing 2% cholesterol significantly improved Ax absorption, which was reflected in the higher Ax concentration in plasma of Atlantic salmon. Other supplements including vitamin E, wheat bran, lutein, zeaxanthin and phytosterols in diet had no significant effect on plasma Ax concentration . Fish fed diet containing 2% cholesterol significantly increased cholesterol concentration in fish plasma. Phytosterol had no benefit to lower cholesterol plasma level in fish fed 2% phytosterol‐supplemented diet.     

油菜素甾醇的合成调控及其合成途径中间产物的研究与利用

综述了油菜素甾醇的研究进展,包括生理作用、生物合成途径、合成路径相关基因的研究及对其合成中间产物鲨烯和多种植物甾醇的研究与利用.     

Cholesterol requirement and phytosterols efficiency in semi‐purified diets of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Studies pertaining to cholesterol requirement are limited based on the levels evaluated and statistical analysis. Two trials were conducted to refine cholesterol requirement in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei feeds. The basal diet was supplemented with graded levels of cholesterol (ranging from 0.48 to 1.85 g/kg) in trial 1. Since the shrimp (initial weight: 0.24 g) growth response was very linear without reaching a plateau, it was not clear whether the requirement was met. Hence, a second trial was designed using eight diets designed with an increased range of cholesterol levels from 0.45 to 4.57 g/kg of diets. The shrimp (0.38 g initial weight) reached a final weight of (4.31–7.43 g) or per cent weight gain from 1,014%–1,874% (n = 4) after 6 weeks. Saturation kinetic model and broken‐line models with linear or quadratic ascending portions were used to evaluate dose–response relationships of feed efficiency (FE), thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC), whole‐body cholesterol (CHOL) and cholesterol deposition (CHOLD) against dietary cholesterol. The cholesterol requirement of shrimp was estimated at 1.9 (1.1–4.3) g/kg, 1.7 (1.1–3.4) g/kg, 2.5 (2.3–2.9) g/kg and 2.7 (2.4–3.1) g/kg of shrimp diet for FE, TGC, CHOL and CHOLD, respectively. Additionally, based on improved growth, the inclusion of phytosterol can serve as a partial replacement for cholesterol.