60Co-γ射线辐照处理对4种药用植物种子萌发的影响

用不同剂量60Co-γ射线对益母草、蒲公英、车前、紫苏种子进行辐照处理,测定这4种药用植物种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数等指标,了解60Co-γ射线辐照对其种子萌发的影响,为这4种药用植物的新品种选育提供参考。结果表明,60Co-γ射线对4种药用植物种子具有较强的诱发突变能力,辐照剂量与种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、苗高、苗鲜重均呈负相关,其中与苗高的相关性达极显著水平。益母草和蒲公英种子的半致死剂量大于400 Gy,车前种子的半致死剂量在300~400 Gy之间,紫苏种子的半致死剂量在50~100 Gy之间。     

Assessment of short-term mortality of granary weevil,Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) triggered by different microwave irradiation powers

Abstract

The insecticidal efficacy of microwave irradiation against the at 12, 24, 48 and 72?h following exposure to microwave irradiations (100, 300?W) and the progeny production was assessed 45?days later. Linearly increasing irradiation power range (100, 200 and 300?W) was set up for determining mortality tendency. An increase of insect mortality caused by higher irradiation period and times elapsed after treatment has become evident commencing from 12?h after the treatment, which has significantly decreased at later elapsed time after treatment. The irradiation periods inducing the highest mortality at the examined powers were at 10?min and at 100?W power (72?h: 64.93%) and at 4.5?min. and at 300?W power (12?h: 87.01). In addition, a complete suppression of progeny production was achieved by 4.5?min treatment at 300?W power. Lognormal-type mortality process was caused by the linearly increased irradiation range. The properly chosen microwave irradiation can be used for management of Sitophilus granarius larval and adult developmental stages. This treatment could provide an effective and friendly environmental treatment technique in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.     

辐照技术消减食物过敏原致敏性研究进展

食物过敏是当前威胁人类健康的重大食品安全问题之一。辐照技术可以消减食物过敏原,是一项颇具发展潜力的物理消敏技术。本文介绍了辐照消敏技术的特点、原理和发展历程,阐述了辐照消减动物源过敏食物牛乳、鸡蛋、虾、鱼等过敏原致敏性和植物源过敏食物花生、大豆、小麦、坚果等过敏原致敏性的研究进展,分析了辐照消减食物过敏原的效果和影响因素,探讨了辐照消敏技术的发展方向,以期为辐照消敏技术的研究和应用提供参考。     

电子束辐照不同虫态玉米象保护酶系活力变化研究

研究了玉米象Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky)不同虫态(2~3龄幼虫、1~2龄蛹和羽化1天成虫)体内三种保护酶过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧歧化酶(SOD)活力在电子束5个辐照剂量下酶活性的变化。试验结果表明,不同虫态玉米象CAT活力为:羽化1d成虫1~2龄蛹2~3龄幼虫;POD活力为:1~2龄蛹羽化1d成虫2~3龄幼虫;SOD活力为:1~2龄蛹2~3龄幼虫羽化1d成虫。辐照处理后,保护酶活力随辐照剂量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,本实验结果有助于阐明电子束辐照加强对储粮害虫生理生化效应研究。     

Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety

The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm² light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species.     

辐照技术在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用研究进展

辐照保鲜技术是一种新型、绿色、便捷、高效、低能耗、去残留的保鲜技术，已广泛应用于果蔬贮藏保鲜领域，该技术可显著延长果蔬的贮藏期，延缓果蔬采后衰老，防止腐烂变质。笔者从辐照保鲜技术的基本原理、应用和存在问题三个方面进行阐述，并对其未来在果蔬贮藏领域中的应用前景进行展望。     

Changes in wettability of wood surface using electron beam irradiation

ABSTRACT

This study deals with the influence of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the wettability of Norway spruce surface samples. To evaluate this possible effect in detail, the changes in chemistry and wood structure were analysed using the methods of IR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface wettability was determined by the contact angle measurement method. The results of infrared spectra show decreased relative numbers of available hydrophilic groups (e.g. hydroxyl and carbonyl groups) in the wood surfaces due to the electron beam irradiation. This behaviour is consistent with the values from the surface wettability measurements. Structural differences of the wood surfaces after electron beam irradiation were not detectable. Based on these findings pre-treatment of wood surfaces for industrial usages can be a potential field of application of this technology.     

小菜蛾响应60Co-γ辐照的实验室种群生命表

为明确⁶⁰Co-γ亚不育剂量辐照对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella种群数量动态变化的影响,构建小菜蛾种群动态变化模型,在实验室条件下通过建立小菜蛾生命表获得种群特征参数、个体生理指标,预测亚不育剂量辐照对小菜蛾种群的影响。结果显示,亚不育剂量辐照组的羽化率显著高于完全不育剂量组,与空白对照组无显著差异,各处理羽化率无性别差异,亚不育剂量辐照组F1代孵化率显著低于空白对照组。亚不育剂量辐照组种群各阶段发育历期、存活率及繁殖力生命指标低于空白对照组。小菜蛾亚不育剂量辐照组世代平均历期(19.90 d)、世代净生殖率(2.35)、周限增长率(1.04 d-1)、内禀增长率(0.04 d-1)均低于空白对照组,而种群加倍时间(16.16 d)高于空白对照组。空白对照组世代平均历期、每日单雌产卵量与产卵时间均长于亚不育剂量辐照组。辐照组与对照组种群生命表参数对比,表明亚不育剂量降低了小菜蛾种群世代数和幼虫期的个体存活率,使F1代雌虫个体数减少。     

不同辐照剂量对蜂球囊菌杀灭效果的影响

本试验以蜂球囊菌(Ascosphaera apis)为研究对象,探究不同辐照剂量对蜂球囊菌的杀灭效果,以期明确有效杀灭蜂球囊菌的最低辐照剂量,为Co60γ射线辐照蜜蜂饲料(特别是蜂花粉)时的辐照剂量选择提供依据。利用细菌纯化技术从患白垩病意蜂幼虫体内分离纯化得到蜂球囊菌,并结合形态学、乳酸酚棉兰染色及5.8SrDNA序列分析技术进行鉴定;同时制备不同梯度浓度的蜂球囊菌孢子悬液加入到蜜蜂幼虫饲料中,以饲喂方式侵染3日龄意蜂幼虫,确定半数致死浓度(LC50);蜜蜂幼虫饲料中添加上述确定LC50的孢子,以不同辐照剂量处理,并通过侵染幼虫试验,确定有效杀灭蜜蜂饲料中孢子的最低辐照剂量。结果表明,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定,从患白垩病的意蜂幼虫体内分离纯化得到真菌即为蜜蜂白垩病的病原——蜂球囊菌;蜂球囊菌对人工饲养条件下的意蜂幼虫的LC50为9.5×104个/mL;当Co60γ射线辐照剂量为7.0kGy时,幼虫患病率与未辐照组差异显著(P0.05),由此确定对添加半数致死浓度的蜂球囊菌孢子饲料的最低有效辐照剂量为7.0kGy。