27.5%甲·胺水剂对棉花的调控效果研究

研究27.5%甲·胺水剂对棉花生长发育和产量的调控效果,结果表明:27.5%甲·胺水剂对棉花的果枝平均长度、株高和主茎平均节间长度等营养生长指标有显著的抑制作用,对提高棉株中部果枝的外围铃成铃率有显著的促进作用;较清水对照增产皮棉10.6%,较DPC(缩节胺)处理增产3.3%;增产因子主要来源于有效铃数的增加和衣分的提高;对株型和株高的塑造程度DPC优于27.5%甲.胺水剂处理。     

转Bt基因棉新棉33B叶片氮素代谢特征及其化学调控潜力

新棉33B 在开花期间 ,叶片硝酸还原酶活性呈现递减趋势 ,蛋白酶活性和叶蛋白含量呈增加趋势 ,全氮、氨基酸含量与硝酸还原酶活性呈正相关。蕾期至盛花期毒蛋白含量呈马鞍形变化。缩节安系统化控处理使功能叶片硝酸还原酶、蛋白酶的活性、叶片蛋白含量、氨基酸和全氮的含量以及叶片毒蛋白的含量均有提高 ,最终提高单株结铃数和单铃重     

化学调控对干旱后棉花冠层时空分布及产量的影响

为探究干旱后棉花化学调控增产稳产的可行性,通过模拟田间干旱,采用裂区设计,探究化学调控下干旱后棉花冠层时空分布及产量变化。主区设置人工打顶与化学封顶,副区设置干旱后复水3 d、6 d、9 d喷施低量缩节胺及空白对照。结果表明:喷施缩节胺显著提高棉花籽棉产量、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、冠层中上部比叶重及各部位平均叶簇倾角和散射辐射透过系数(TC),显著降低冠层下部、上部叶面积指数,并随喷施时间的提前效果更显著。化学封顶显著增加冠层中下部比叶重、下部叶面积指数、上部叶面积指数及各部位TC。干旱后复水6 d喷施缩节胺,采用化学封顶,棉花SPAD值和比叶重较高,叶面积指数分布均匀,叶片保持直立,冠层整体通风良好,棉花产量最高。     

DPC对棉花群体发育调控效应的研究

研究了新疆特早熟棉区化学调控对棉花群体发育的影响。结果表明：在肥水适量的基础上，运用ＤＰＣ对棉花群体进行系统地化学调控，能够有效合理的协调营养生长和生殖生长的关系，加快生殖器官干物质的积累进程，使群体叶面积的高峰期提前，并将叶面积指数（ＬＡＩ）稳定在适宜范围，改善了冠层光照条件，使棉花成熟期提前，霜前花产量提高。     

棉花DPC化控技术在陕西大面积应用初报

论述了20年来DPC化控在陕西棉田大面积应用和发展情况,据不完全统计:自1983—2001年DPC化控普及率由65%提高到90%以上,累计推广面积达112.7万hm2,平均增产12.1%。增产皮棉81626t,产值达8.16亿元,产投比达1:25~40。根据研究结果:指出DPC化控与CK相比,不论化控几次均能增产,以3次DPC化控为最好。第一次在棉花7~8叶期,7.5~12g/hm2;第二次在15~16叶期,22.5~37.5g/hm2;第三次在棉花打顶后10d,45~75g/hm2。通过DPC化控可塑造棉花理想株型,使株高由100cm左右降低到85cm左右,密度由4000株/hm2增加到9~9.7万株/hm2,提高棉株内围成铃率达9.1%,达到:促早熟、优质、高产的目的。并提出棉田DPC化控必须与传统栽培技术相结合在高产栽培体系的重要作用,推动了当地棉花高产栽培措施革新,取得了较大的经济效益和社会效益。     

DPC与DTA-6复配对转基因抗虫棉苗期生长发育的调控

无论浸种还是叶面喷施,与单独使用DPC相比,DPC与DTA6复配在促进转基因抗虫棉幼苗根长和侧根原基增加的同时,显著减弱了DPC对地上部生长的延缓作用,中棉所30下胚轴长度较对照仅缩短3%左右,中棉所30、新棉99B和sGK321的苗期叶面积均相当于对照的93%～94%,这可能与复配调节剂处理后转基因抗虫棉幼苗各部位的IAA浓度较DPC单独处理明显提高有关。DPC与DTA6复配还可显著增加转基因抗虫棉苗期功能叶叶绿体的基粒类囊体垛叠程度,提高光合作用。     

植物生长延缓剂DPC对棉铃内源激素水平和棉铃发育影响的研究

本文系统地研究了植物生长延缓剂 DPC 促进陆地棉品种棉铃发育的生理机理。结果表明:1.棉铃发育初期 DPC 提高了幼铃中细胞分裂素和脱落酸的含量。2.棉铃体积增大期 DPC 处理的棉铃具有较高的转化酶活性和较低的蔗糖水平,促进了同化产物的积累。3.DPC 处理提高了棉铃发育后期的乙烯释放量,促进了棉铃的成熟开裂,最终提高了铃     

黄淮海地区短季棉应用DPC诱导最佳部位成铃与优质栽培的研究

1982～1983年,在田间条件下,以中棉10号品种为材料,进行了黄淮海地区麦棉两熟制短季棉应用 DPC 诱导最佳部位成铃与优质栽培的研究,主要结果如下:(1)根据开花时间、开花部位、铃期、铃重等多因子相关的综合评价,确定了单株较佳的时空成铃结构,为定向诱导成铃提供了科学依据。(2)肯定了应用 DPC 化控措施对短季棉中棉10号早熟优质丰产的效果:可以促进提早开花结铃、增加前期成铃数;可以适当增加种植密度(每亩6000株提高到8000株),增加了群体最佳部位成铃的比重;皮棉单产可增加11%以上,并提高了霜前花百分率。(3)提出了在棉花优质栽培上应用 DPC 诱导最佳部位成铃的一般原理,以及适应于黄淮海棉区的化控技术指标参数和技术要点。     

高效液肥及缩节安对棉花主要生理特性和产量的影响

研究了３种高效复合液肥配合缩节安叶面喷施对高产棉田的生理效应和增产效果。结果表明，绿丰宝＋缩节安的效果最好，能明显增强根系活力，提高主茎叶的叶绿素含量和光合速率，单株结铃数比对照提高３３．８９％，增产４０．０６％，比单喷缩节安提高２１．３５％，增产２２．７７％；高美施＋缩节安的增产效果居第２位。     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.