架面不同部位对无核剂处理木纳格葡萄无核化效果的影响

用无核剂在花前、花后两次浸渍白木纳格和红木纳格葡萄花序和果穗,结果表明,架面各部位的花期没有明显差异,红木纳格花期更集中.架面前部的白木纳格、红木纳格可获得98.7%、93.8%的无核果率和7.36g、7.41g的果实粒重,架面中后部的果实无核果率、果粒重等品质有不同程度的下降.     

无核化处理对巨峰葡萄冬果果实发育及品质的影响

【目的】研究无核化处理对巨峰葡萄冬果果实发育和果实品质的影响,为广西一年两收葡萄无核化栽培提供技术依据。【方法】使用植物生长调节剂赤霉素、益果灵、施特优对巨峰葡萄冬造果在花期进行无核化处理,测定各处理冬果果实无核率、穗重、百粒果重、果形指数、穗轴长度和粗度及果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和可溶性总糖含量。【结果】不同植物生长调节剂组合于不同花期处理巨峰葡萄,无核率为26.2%-94.5%。花前3 d用10 mg/L赤霉素＋2 mg/L益果灵溶液浸蘸花序1次,7 d后再处理1次,果实无核率高达94.5%,可溶性固形物含量达18.20%,可溶性总糖含量165.52 g/L,均显著高于对照。【结论】赤霉素、益果灵、施特优能显著提高巨峰葡萄冬果果实无核率,增加冬果果实风味,提高果实商品价值,其中花前3 d用10 mg/L赤霉素＋2 mg/L益果灵溶液浸蘸花序1次,7 d后再处理1次的效果最佳。     

栽培管理技术对无核剂处理木纳格葡萄无核化效果的影响

对白木纳格葡萄、红木纳格葡萄进行精细管理,用无核剂在花前、花后两次处理果穗,花期提早4 d;分别获得92;和87.6;的无核果,可溶性固形物含量增加;座果率分别提高55.2;和62.5;,穗重分别增加27.6;和24.3;,单粒重与对照差异不显著,果穗紧密,近圆柱形,成熟期提早1～2周.     

葡萄的无核化处理

试验中以黑龙江省两个露地葡萄主栽品种“京亚”、“蜜汁”为供试材料 ,采用不同的化学药剂浸蘸果穗。结果表明 :无核剂 1号的处理效果最好 ,两个品种的无核率分别达到 10 0 %和71.4 0 % ,并且提高了座果率和糖酸比 ,使果实着色均匀 ,果实着色期和成熟期提前一周左右     

Phenotypic polymorphism for superoxide dismutase in grape

Summary Multiple isoforms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) occurred in grape following an electrophoretic analysis of 75 grapevine accessions. Three activity zones were resolved, and were designated as Sod-1, Sod-2 and Sod-3 in order of their anodal electrophoretic mobility. For the banding pattern and staining intensity, no differences were observed in both ploidy level and somatic mutation. From the controlled cross tests among SOD variants, the grape SOD was presumed as a dimeric enzyme. The grapevine accessions examined exhibited a high level of phenotypic diversity which could be separated into 13 groups on the basis of SOD zymogram. A remarkable difference in SOD phenotypes was recognized between the cultivated varieties and the wild species and rootstocks. Furthermore, we discussed the associations between SOD phenotypes and agronomically important features, especially seedlessness and lime-induced chlorosis.     

红江橙无核(少核)选系的细胞遗传学初步研究

对芽变选育的9个红江橙无核（少核）选系的花粉母细胞（PMc）减数分裂行为观察的结果表明,K西1,D中1,K东2,H西1等7个选系存在较高频率的PMC减数分裂中染色体异常配对和异常分离并进而导致花粉败育,这是导致它们无核（少核）的主要原因,因而具有较高的选育价值和利用价值。     

Characteristics and inheritance of natural facultative-parthenocarpic fruit-set in ‘Nadja’ tomato under low temperature conditions

‘Nadja’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) set both seedless and seeded fruits under the fluctuating temperatures prevailing during late-March and early-April in Assiut district, Egypt. Entirely seedless fruits developed under the low temperatures prevailing during Dec. Seedless fruits seemed to develop vegetatively , i.e. with no need for stimulus pollination. All seedless fruits were normally jelled and appeared similar in shape and size to the seeded fruits. Study of F₁, F₂, and backcross generations for the crosses ‘Cal Ace’ × ‘Nadja’ and ‘Peto-86’ × ‘Nadja’ suggested that the expression of the trait was due to single homozygous recessive gene. Yield produced by ‘Nadja’ was higher than the F₁, F₂, and backcross generations in both the early- summer and the late-winter plantings. Potentially useful parthenocarpic segregates were found in F₂ of the two crosses for increased fruit weight of normally shaped and jelled fruits. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

GA_3和CPPU对“醉金香”葡萄果实无核化及品质的影响

以醉金香葡萄为试材,研究赤霉素(GA3)和吡效隆(CPPU)不同处理浓度和时期对醉金香无核化和品质的影响。结果表明:盛花期以赤霉素20 mg/L和吡效隆2.5 mg/L浸花序,15天后再以赤霉素25 mg/L和吡效隆2.5 mg/L浸果穗的处理效果好。经此处理,穗形整齐美观,穗质量470 g;果粒呈球形,粒质量8.19g,无核率100%,大小均匀,色泽金黄;可溶性固形物质量分数达17.9%。     

玫瑰香葡萄无核化处理对不同器官中酚类物质和抗氧化能力的影响

 以‘玫瑰香’葡萄为试材,在开花前后使用葡萄专用无核剂（主要成分GA₃）浸蘸果穗,进行无核化处理,通过比色法和体外自由基清除法对不同生长期果实、叶片、嫩茎、卷须等器官中的酚类物质含量和抗氧化能力进行测定。结果表明：无核化处理后,浆果内的酚类物质含量和抗氧化能力显著下降;叶片、嫩茎内酚类物质含量和抗氧化能力有所提高;卷须内酚类物质含量与对照差异不大,抗氧化能力略高于对照;与叶片、嫩茎、卷须等器官抗氧化能力的变化规律相反,无核化处理果实的抗氧化能力低于对照。     

葡萄无核基因分子标记的通用性鉴定

【目的】无核是鲜食葡萄的重要农艺性状,无核基因分子标记的准确性将影响无核葡萄早期选择的效果。本研究对前人开发的5个葡萄无核基因分子标记在183份葡萄材料中进行通用性鉴定,旨在明确各个分子标记的适用范围,为利用分子标记辅助无核葡萄育种提供参考依据。【方法】以96个葡萄品种（其中无核63个,有核33个）及‘红地球’ב黎明无核’87个F₁单株（其中无核61株,有核26株）的叶片DNA为模板,利用已报道的5个葡萄无核基因分子标记（SCF27-2000、GSLP1-569、VMC7f2、p3_VvAGL11和5U_VviAGL11）的引物进行PCR扩增,采用1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳、毛细管电泳和8%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术检测PCR产物,分析各个样品的无核特异条带,鉴定5个分子标记的准确率。【结果】SCAR标记GSLP1-569对96个葡萄品种的检测准确率为40.6%,无核检测率为63.6%。SCAR标记SCF27-2000对96个葡萄品种及87个F₁杂交单株的检测准确率分别为71.9%和76.54%,无核检测率分别为70.5%和78.5%。SSR标记VMC7f2在96个葡萄品种中鉴定出8个等位基因,经卡方检验,189-bp等位基因与葡萄无核性状显著关联,其检测准确率为85.4%,无核检测率为85.5%。SSR标记p3_VvAGL11在96个葡萄品种中鉴定出7个等位基因,经卡方检验,187-bp等位基因与葡萄无核性状显著关联,其检测准确率为89.6%,无核检测率为90.7%,在F₁杂交单株中其鉴定准确率为87.65%,无核检测率为91.1%,假阳性率为6.17%,假阴性率为6.17%。SSR标记5U_VviAGL11在96个葡萄品种中鉴定出17个等位基因,经卡方检验,306-bp等位基因与葡萄无核性状显著关联,其鉴定准确率为88.5%,无核检测率为90.6%,在F₁杂交单株中检测准确率为88.89%,无核检测率为92.7%,假阳性率为4.94%,假阴性率为6.17%。【结论】SSR标记p3_VvAGL11和5U_VviAGL11在葡萄种质及遗传群体中无核分型的准确性及无核检测的效率较高,适用范围较广,在无核基因分子标记辅助选择中可以考虑优先使用。