鸡细菌性腹泻防治

我国从古至今都是农业大国,在经济体制改革的推动下,我国工业发展迅猛的情况下,农业依旧是我国的产业支柱,对促进我国经济发展有极大帮助。养殖业是农业的重要部分,而养殖业中,鸡养殖有占据极大比例,且其规模也在不断扩大。近年,鸡的一些疾病发病率逐渐增加,其中细菌性腹泻是常见的1种,会影响鸡群身体健康与生长发育,甚至会导致其死亡,危害极大,给养殖户乃至养殖产业造成极大的经济损失,做好鸡细菌性腹泻预防与治疗工作尤为重要。该文对鸡细菌性腹泻的特点进行探讨,并提出一些防治措施。     

Characterization of bovine ileal epithelial cell line for lectin binding,susceptibility to enteric pathogens,and TLR mediated immune responses

In this study, primary and immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) were characterized for the expression of surface carbohydrate moieties. Primary BIEC-c4 cells showed staining greater than 90 % for 16 lectins but less than 50 % staining for four lectins. Immortalized BIECs showed significantly different lectin binding profile for few lectins compared to BIEC-c4 cells. BIEC-c4 cells were studied for infectivity to E. coli, Salmonella enterica, bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus. Bovine strain E. coli B41 adhered to BIEC-c4 cells and Salmonella strains S. Dublin and S. Mbandaka showed strong cell invasion. BIEC-c4 cells were susceptible to bovine rotavirus. LPS stimulation upregulated IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6 expression and Poly I:C upregulated TLR 8 and TLR 9 expression. This study provides important knowledge on the glycoconjugate expression profile of primary and immortalized BIECs and infectivity and immune responses of primary BIECs to bacterial and viral pathogens or ligands.     

Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth,body composition,and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.     

鸡流行性腹泻病原的分离鉴定及特性研究

用胰蛋白酶处理发病鸡的粪便和肠内容物，接种Marc145细胞，盲传数代后，从山东不同地区发生流行性腹泻的鸡群中分离到轮状病毒，并对分离的轮状病毒的生物学特性和理化特性进行了部分研究。结果表明病毒粒子的形态呈车轮状、大小为70-80nm；其病毒基因组的电泳图谱为5：1：3：2；病毒在Marc145细胞上传到第9代时的TCID50为10^-4.62／0．1mL；该分离株病毒对氯仿、乙醚有抵抗力；对pH3．0处理60min稳定；50℃ 30min能使其感染力下降10^2；1mol／L MgCl2不能增强其对50℃ 60min的抵抗力。动物回归试验中接种两周龄SPF鸡，24h后陆续发病，表现为持续性水样腹泻，与自然发病相同；剖检可见病鸡脱水、小肠内有大量的液体和气泡、肠粘膜变薄；组织学变化为肠绒毛上皮坏死、脱落，绒毛平均长度减少而隐窝深度增加，固有层中淋巴细胞浸润。其临床症状及病理组织学变化与自然发病相同。因此确定发生在山东鸡流行件腹泻的病原为轮状病毒．     

铜对生长猪肝中IGF—Ⅰ基因mRNA表达的影响

采用生长试验、免疫放射分析和定量PCR方法，观察了生长猪血液中类胰岛素生长因子（IGF—Ⅰ）及其结合蛋白（IGFBP3）数量的变化和IGF—Ⅰ基因在肝中表达量的变化。结果显示，每1kg饲料中添加125-250mg铜，能够上调IGF-Ⅰ基因的表达量，显著提高猪的平均日增重，促进生长猪循环血液中IGF—Ⅰ浓度的增加。试验结果证实，铜是通过促进生长激素一胰岛素样生长因子轴相关因子的合成和分泌来发挥促生长作用的。     

对虾白斑综合征病毒研究概况

对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)引起世界范围内养殖对虾的急性、致死性传染病,造成对虾养殖业的巨大损失,在我国这种情况尤为严重。WSSV是同一类紧密相关的无包埋体类杆状病毒,与杆状病毒并无同源性。2001年,中国和荷兰科学家分别报道了WSSV的全基因组DNA序列,启动了WSSV后基因组研究。已有多种检测方法用于WSSV的检测和致病机理的研究。WSSV感染宿主谱广,以多种传播途径感染宿主,目前还没有用于病毒增殖的细胞系,但已有成熟的动物模型,从而方便了对WSSV的研究。本文就该病毒的命名、病毒特性、检测方法、病毒感染增殖、感染宿主、传播途径及感染动物模型等方面的研究现状和进展作一综述。     

益生素预防畜禽腹泻机理的研究

用革兰氏阳性的嗜酸乳杆菌和枯草杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了８０只雏鸡，用嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了３７头仔猪和２４头犊牛，观察这些细菌防畜禽腹泻的效果。结果证明这两种细菌的活菌与死菌都有预防腹泻的功能，嗜酸乳杆菌的效果好于枯草杆菌。两种菌的活菌和死菌都有预防作用说明是菌体成分或代谢产物可能是预防腹泻的主要有效成分。     

中国巴马小型猪内源性反转录病毒的检测

目的 :对我国特有巴马小型猪内源性反转录病毒 ( porcine endogenous retrovirus,PERV)的存在与 m RNA的表达情况进行检测 ,了解巴马小型猪内源性反转录病毒的携带情况。方法 :根据以往建立的 PCR、RT-PCR检测方法 ,对来自于巴马小型猪外周血淋巴细胞的 DNA和RNA样品进行 PERV核心蛋白基因 ( gag)、多聚酶基因 ( pol)及囊膜基因 ( env)的存在与表达进行检测 ;同时 ,根据目前通用的 env基因分型方法检测 PERV env-A、env-B、env-C的存在与表达。结果 :在 1 2个被检的 DNA样品中均检出了PERV特异性 DNA的存在 ;同样 ,在 1 2个被检的 RNA样品中均有 PERV特异性 RNA的表达 ,且所表达的 PERV均为 A型和 B型 ;其中有9个 DNA样品检测出 PERV-C型的存在 ,所有样品中均未检出 C型 PERV的表达。结论 :检测结果表明 1 2个被检巴马小型猪基因组中存在着内源性反转录病毒序列 ,且能以 m RNA的形式表达 ,这一结果为我国特有小型猪的开发、利用及其病毒安全性评价奠定了基础。     

复方诺氟沙星防治仔猪黄白痢及腹泻的试验

复方诺氟沙星乳剂体外抑菌试验表明：该制剂对革兰氏阳性、革兰氏阴性细菌均有杀灭作用，以沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌最为典型，其抑菌直径为（３４．１５±０．１９）和（３５．００±０．１９）ｍｍ。与其它抗菌药物作药敏试验比较，差异极显著。临床试验表明：该制剂对仔猪黄痢、白痢及仔猪腹泻的疗效确实，其防治的总有效率为９５．５％。     

猪血免疫球蛋白的热稳定性及动力学研究

为了使猪血免疫球蛋白在各类食品中得到较好的应用 ,对猪血免疫球蛋白 (PIgG)的热稳定性及热变性动力学进行了分析研究。结果表明 ,PIgG在 6 0℃以下很稳定 ,6 0～ 6 5℃比较稳定 ,大于 70℃变性明显加快 ,超高温杀菌 (12 0℃ ,4s)条件下 ,PIgG几乎失活 ;其热动力学反应为 1 2级 ;在 6 0 ,6 5 ,70 ,75 ,80 ,85和 90℃ ,PIgG热变性的D值分别为 33 333× 10 3 ,14 2 86× 10 3 ,3 333× 10 3 ,0 4 76× 10 3 ,0 2 2 2× 10 3 ,0 16 9× 10 3 和 0 0 76× 10 3 s ,在此温度范围内的Z值为 10 81℃ ,表观活化能为 2 2 7 31kJ·mol-1。