应用长效微胶囊药剂地面封闭法防控黄脊竹蝗研究

通过应用3%高效氯氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂30倍、40倍、50倍稀释液,用背负式机动喷雾机针对1.5m以下竹干和地面进行低容量喷雾,来对黄脊竹蝗进行防治试验,结果表明:低容量喷雾后,形成从竹干到地面的药剂封闭层,杀灭初孵跳蝻,药后30d对黄脊竹蝗防效分别为97.3%、92.6%、81.1%,表现出良好的持效性和防治效果。     

农产品中氰戊菊酯农药残留免疫检测技术探究

本文重点研究的是基于乡村振兴战略背景下，岭南乡村地区如何抓住政策机遇实现创新性 旅游开发，在整合现有乡村旅游开发的基础上，进一步推进岭南荔枝文化的旅游开发，通过文化娱乐 与旅游开发、文化整合与规划发展、文化风俗与创意发展路径，旨在为岭南荔枝文化的旅游开发寻找 一条新型的特色发展之路。     

Residues of zeta‐cypermethrin in bovine tissues and milk following pour‐on and spray application

The depletion of zeta‐cypermethrin residues in bovine tissues and milk was studied. Beef cattle were treated three times at 3‐week intervals with 1 ml 10 kg^?1 body weight of a 25 g litre^?1 or 50 g litre^?1 pour‐on formulation (2.5 and 5.0 mg zeta‐cypermethrin kg^?1 body weight) or 100 mg kg^?1 spray to simulate a likely worst‐case treatment regime. Friesian and Jersey dairy cows were treated once with 2.5 mg zeta‐cypermethrin kg^?1 in a pour‐on formulation. Muscle, liver and kidney residue concentrations were generally less than the limit of detection (LOD = 0.01 mg kg^?1). Residues in renal‐fat and back‐fat samples from animals treated with 2.5 mg kg^?1 all exceeded the limit of quantitation (LOQ = 0.05 mg kg^?1), peaking at 10 days after treatment. Only two of five kidney fat samples were above the LOQ after 34 days, but none of the back‐fat samples exceeded the LOQ at 28 days after treatment. Following spray treatments, fat residues were detectable in some animals but were below the LOQ at all sampling intervals. Zeta‐cypermethrin was quantifiable (LOQ = 0.01 mg kg^?1) in only one whole‐milk sample from the Friesian cows (0.015 mg kg^?1, 2 days after treatment). In whole milk from Jersey cows, the mean concentration of zeta‐cypermethrin peaked 1 day after treatment, at 0.015 mg kg^?1, and the highest individual sample concentration was 0.025 mg kg^?1 at 3 days after treatment. Residues in milk were not quantifiable beginning 4 days after treatment. The mean concentrations of zeta‐cypermethrin in milk fat from Friesian and Jersey cows peaked two days after treatment at 0.197 mg kg^?1 and 0.377 mg kg^?1, respectively, and the highest individual sample concentrations were 2 days after treatment at 0.47 mg kg^?1 and 0.98 mg kg^?1, respectively. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Nerve insensitivity resistance to cypermethrin in larvae of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens from USA cotton field populations

Spontaneous neuronal activity was recorded from the peripheral nerves of third-instar larvae of strains of Heliothis virescens (F.) obtained directly from cotton fields in the USA. Following a control period the preparations were exposed to increasing concentrations of cis-cypermethrin in a cumulative dose-response assay. A positive response was defined as an increase of at least five-fold in the rate of neuronal activity over that seen during the control period. Up to 35 individuals of each strain were assayed and the responses used to construct a phenotypic profile categorising the individuals from nerve-susceptible to highly nerve-insensitive. An EC₅₀ for the action of cis-cypermethrin was also obtained. There was a positive, significant correlation between non-synergisable resistance to cypermethrin and nerve insensitivity as defined in the neurophysiological assay. It was shown that nerve insensitivity to cypermethrin increased throughout the cotton-growing season.     

重组增效蛋白对Bt和氯氰菊酯防治棉铃虫的增效作用

前期在大肠杆菌中表达得到具有显著生物活性的含粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒增效蛋白C端818个氨基酸的融合蛋白P96。以毒饲料法研究P96对苏云金芽孢杆菌和氯氰菊酯杀棉铃虫敏感、抗性品系的增效作用。结果表明：P96对Bt杀棉铃虫敏感、低抗、中抗品系的增效比分别为3．34、4．72和9．82；对氯氰菊酯杀棉铃虫敏感、低抗、中抗品系的增效比分别为2．53、3．38和6．24。随棉铃虫抗性升高，P96的增效作用愈为明显。单对汰选是快速选育棉铃虫抗Bt品系的有效方法。     

甘蓝大田中降解菌对氯氰菊酯的降解动态研究

在大田甘蓝地中,以从菜园土壤和菠菜叶片分离得到的氯氰菊酯降解菌株T-1和菌株Y-3为研究对象,采用气相色谱法检测,对降解菌降解氯氰菊酯的残留动态进行研究。结果表明:与对照相比,降解菌对氯氰菊酯的降解有促进作用;菌株Y-3和菌株T-1在土壤中对氯氰菊酯的降解动态基本类似,半衰期均为10d;具有内生性的菌株Y-3在甘蓝植株体内对氯氰菊酯降解效果较好,半衰期为7d。     

Impact of alpha-cypermethrin on honey bees foraging on spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus) flowers in field conditions

BACKGROUND: Cruciferous oil-bearing crops have gained in importance worldwide. The expansion of the growing area of these crops has caused a proliferation of pests. Exposure to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides has been associated with bee poisoning in food crops. This study examines the repellent effect of alpha-cypermethrin on the number of foraging honey bees, Apis mellifera L., on fields of spring oilseed rape, Brassica napus L. var. oleifera. RESULTS: The first experiment was conducted on differently sprayed 10 m(2) experimental plots where alpha-cypermethrin was applied at different times. Another experiment was conducted on a 4 ha seed production field divided into two parts: one part was treated with alpha-cypermethrin and the other was not treated with this insecticide. The results show that there was no difference in the number of honey bees between alpha-cypermethrin-treated and untreated patches. The result persisted through three observation years, regardless of varying flower and honey bee densities. CONCLUSION: No repellent effect of the insecticide on honey bees was found even 24 h after spraying. The density of oilseed rape flowers most likely played a major role in choosing the foraging area.     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定苹果 梨中氯氰菊酯联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯的残留量

利用乙腈提取、氧化铝和弗罗里硅土填料净化的前处理方法,研究了采用毛细管气相色谱同时测定苹果、梨中氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯残留量的方法。结果表明,用20mL10%丙酮/石油醚作为淋洗液,0.5mg·L-1水平时苹果、梨在两种填料的回收率都在90%—120%之间;在0.05mg·L-1水平时,苹果、梨在弗罗里硅土柱上,3种菊酯都达到了90%—110%的满意结果;而在氧化铝柱上,只有联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯达到90%—110%的结果,氯氰菊酯只达到64.8%和61.5%的结果。综合考虑,利用弗罗里硅土柱对这3种菊酯的净化效果较好,高低浓度均符合农药残留分析的要求。     

氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼亚急性毒性研究

采用室内饲养方法,研究氯氰菊酯杀虫剂对鲤鱼的亚急性毒性效应。鲤鱼幼鱼经急性毒性试验和0、0.28、0.58、1.14μg·L-1氯氰菊酯暴露35d后,测定生长指标并对鳃组织病理切片进行观察。结果表明,氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼幼鱼的96hLC50为12.6μg·L-1;在1.14μg·L-1浓度组,可以明显地观察到氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼生长的抑制作用,在0.58和1.14μg·L-1浓度组,可以观察到鳃组织有明显损伤。因此氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的最大允许浓度为0.28～0.58μg·L-1。     

芦笋中毒死蜱和氯氰菊酯残留的同时测定

采用乙腈提取,Florisil固相萃取,正己烷-丙酮洗脱,HP-5石英柱程序升温技术分离,电子捕获检测器检测,建立了同时测定芦笋中毒死蜱和氯氰菊酯残留量的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法。结果表明,该方法对2种农药残留量的线性范围分别为0.002 5-0.500 0 mg/L和0.005-0.250 mg/L,相关系数为0.999 8-0.999 9,检出限分别为0.002 5 mg/kg和0.005 mg/kg,加标平均回收率为74.0%-98.3%,相对标准偏差为0.6%-10.8%。