东方蝼蛄膜翅表面形态与润湿性

利用扫描电镜分析了东方蝼蛄膜翅的表面形态.在OCA20型接触角测量仪上测量了水与东方蝼蛄膜翅展开表面各部位的接触角,分析了东方蝼蛄膜翅表面几何微结构与润湿性的关系.研究表明,东方蝼蛄膜翅展开后各部位的几何微结构各不相同,水与东方蝼蛄膜翅展开表面各部位的接触角平均值为94.4°～118.6°,表现出疏水性能.东方蝼蛄膜翅表面几何微结构与疏水性能的综合作用是其折叠后表面不沾土壤和水的重要机理.     

SMV1号对大豆膜质过氧化及保护酶体系的影响

本文从大豆膜质过经反应及其保护酶体系的变化，过氧化物酶和苹果酸氮酶同工酶表达牧场生，分析了不同类型的大豆品种对大豆病毒病１号生理小种（ＳＭＶ１）侵染后的生理生化反应。研究结果表明，大豆品种经ＳＭＶ１号株系诱导后，感病品种丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、越氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性增加幅较大，抗病品种增加较少，过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性的表达则相反，在花叶病毒侵染条件下，感病与抗病品种过氧化物酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶     

Proceedings of the 2013 Joint JSTP/NTP Satellite Symposium

The first joint Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology (JSTP) and National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri,” was held on January 29^th at Okura Frontier Hotel in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, in advance of the JSTP’s 29^th Annual Meeting. The goal of this Symposium was to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers’ presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, select images that were used for audience voting or discussion, and the voting results. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium include: treatment-related atypical hepatocellular foci of cellular alteration in B6C3F1 mice; purulent ventriculoencephalitis in a young BALB/c mouse; a subcutaneous malignant schwannoma in a RccHan:WIST rat; spontaneous nasal septum hyalinosis/eosinophilic substance in B6C3F1 mice; a rare pancreatic ductal cell adenoma in a young Lewis rat; eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia in a transgenic mouse model; hyaline glomerulopathy in two female ddY mice; treatment-related intrahepatic erythrocytes in B6C3F1 mice; treatment-related subendothelial hepatocytes in B6C3F1 mice; spontaneous thyroid follicular cell vacuolar degeneration in a cynomolgus monkey; congenital hepatic fibrosis in a 1-year-old cat; a spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the middle ear in a young Crl:CD(SD) rat; and finally a series of cases illustrating some differences between cholangiofibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma in Sprague Dawley and F344 rats.     

Comparison of signalment, clinicopathologic findings, histologic diagnosis, and prognosis in dogs with glomerular disease with or without nephrotic syndrome

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) develops most commonly in people with glomerular diseases associated with marked albuminuria. Hypernatremia, hypertension, and progressive renal failure are more prevalent in nephrotic than nonnephrotic human patients. Hypothesis/Objectives: Dogs with NS have higher serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and sodium concentrations, higher urine protein:creatinine ratios (UPC) and systolic blood pressure, and lower serum albumin concentrations than dogs with nonnephrotic glomerular disease (NNGD). NS is associated with membranous glomerulopathy and amyloidosis. Affected dogs are more likely to be azotemic and have shorter survival times. Animals: Two hundred and thirty‐four pet dogs (78 NS dogs, 156 NNGD dogs). Methods: Multicenter retrospective case‐control study comparing time‐matched NS and NNGD dogs. NS was defined as the concurrent presence of hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, proteinuria, and extravascular fluid accumulation. Signalment, clinicopathologic variables, histopathologic diagnoses, and survival time were compared between groups. Results: Age, serum albumin, chloride, calcium, phosphate, creatinine, and cholesterol concentrations, and UPC differed significantly between NS and NNGD dogs. Both groups were equally likely to be azotemic at time of diagnosis, and NS was not associated with histologic diagnosis. Median survival was significantly shorter for NS (12.5 days) versus NNGD dogs (104.5 days). When subgrouped based on serum creatinine (< or ≥1.5 mg/dL), survival of NS versus NNGD dogs was only significantly different in nonazotemic dogs (51 versus 605 days, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Presence of NS is associated with poorer prognosis in dogs with nonazotemic glomerular disease. Preventing development of NS is warranted; however, specific interventions were not evaluated in this study.     

杉木经几种源植物水浸液处理后叶绿素、质膜透性及气孔的变化研究

用8种源植物及杉木枝叶不同浓度水浸液和清水浇灌盆栽杉木幼苗试验观测结果表明,经几种源植物水浸液处理后杉木叶绿素含量、叶片气孔孔径及其大小均比对照明显提高,叶片质膜透性则明显降低,但气孔频数无显著影响,其中木荷对提高叶绿素含量和降低质膜透性效果最佳,与杉木对照(CK_Ⅰ)和清水(CK_Ⅱ)处理相比,木荷1:6水浸液处理的杉木叶绿素含量分别提高49.3％和52.5％,而质膜透性分别下降30.6％和26.3％。檵木对提高杉木叶片气孔孔径及其大小效果最佳,与清水(CK_Ⅱ)处理相比分别提高27.1％和30.3％。水浸液浓度越大,其叶绿素含量、气孔孔径及其大小越大,则质膜透性越低。     

甘南高寒牧区紫花苜蓿引种试验初报

在甘南州合作市综合实验场,对三个紫花苜蓿品种(陇东苜蓿、阿尔冈金、金皇后)进行了传统种植和“膜侧栽培“阿尔冈金苜蓿的引种试验.经过四年的田间观测结果表明,三个紫花苜蓿品种均能正常生长发育,具有较高的生产性能,抗寒、耐病虫害能力强,适宜在甘南高寒牧区及类似气候条件下推广种植.     

Glomerular disease

Glomerular diseases are a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in dogs but seem to be less common in cats. Glomerular diseases are diverse, and a renal biopsy is needed to determine the specific glomerular disease that is present in any animal. Familial glomerulopathies occur in many breeds of dogs. However, most dogs with glomerular disease have acquired glomerular injury that is either immune-complex mediated or due to systemic factors, both of which are believed to be the result of a disease process elsewhere in the body (i.e., neoplastic, infectious, and noninfectious inflammatory disorders). A thorough clinical evaluation is indicated in all dogs suspected of having glomerular disease and should include an extensive evaluation for potential predisposing disorders. Nonspecific management of dogs with glomerular disease can be divided into 3 major categories: (1) treatment of potential predisposing disorders, (2) management of proteinuria, and (3) management of uremia and other complications of glomerular disease and chronic kidney disease. Specific management of specific glomerular diseases has not been fully studied in dogs. However, it may be reasonable to consider immunosuppressive therapy in dogs that have developed a form of glomerulonephritis secondary to a steroid-responsive disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus) or have immune-mediated lesions that have been documented in renal biopsy specimens. Appropriate patient monitoring during therapy is important for maximizing patient care. The prognosis for dogs and cats with glomerular disease is variable and probably dependent on a combination of factors. The purpose of this article is to discuss the general diagnosis and management of dogs with glomerular disease.     

黄芪和甘草染色体数目及核型分析

运用植物根尖压片法，对黄芪和甘草两种豆科植物的染色体数目、核型作了研究。结果表明，黄芪的染色体基数X＝8，甘草的染色体基数X＝7。两个种都是二倍体，核型分别为2B和1A，核型公式分别为：2n=2x=16=14m 2sm和2n=2x=14=14m。