第一课堂与课外科技竞赛活动协同培养大学生创新能力探析

从协同学的视角,探索基于第一课堂和课外科技竞赛活动一体化的创新人才培养模式,提出实现培养创新人才师生观念上的协同是前提,教师主导作用与学生主体作用的协同是关键,第一课堂理论教学与课外科技竞赛活动的协同是载体,建立以学生创新能力发展变化为序参量的激励与约束制度是保障,共同形成有利于创新人才培养的体制机制。     

Effect of timing of first and last irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency in cotton

With increasing concern about declining water resources, there is increasing thrust in improving water management in farming systems to improve water use efficiency. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the optimum timing for the first and last irrigation of cotton on the basis of meteorological approach for scheduling irrigations. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three timings of first irrigation as main-plots and three timing of last irrigation as sub-plots. Delay of first irrigation from 28 days after sowing (DAS) to 42 DAS, irrespective of last irrigation, resulted in an increase of 8, 14 and 17% in seed cotton yield during first, second and third year, respectively. The corresponding increases due to delay in the last irrigation from 130 to 170 DAS were 14, 32 and 8%, respectively. On the basis of 3 years average, application of first and last irrigation at optimum time (after 42 and 170 days after sowing) resulted in an increase of 36% in seed cotton yield without involving any additional cost. Water expense efficiency (WEE) increased by 54%.     

高校图书馆电子信息资源利用情况调查分析——以东北电力大学图书馆为例

采用调查问卷的形式,对东北电力大学图书馆电子信息资源的利用情况和读者需求情况做了调查分析,针对当前高校图书馆电子信息资源利用存在的问题,从电子信息资源的扩大宣传、加强培训、合理配置和提高信息服务等方面,提出合理化建议,以其达到提高电子信息资源利用效率的目的。     

Economics of p fertilization of two soybean varieties at Jabalpur,M.P., India

Abstract

An economic interpretation was applied to a soybean yield prediction equation derived from data obtained in an experiment at Jabalpur, M.F. It was shown that no level of applied P could substitute for variety selection in terms of either soybean yield or economic returns per ha. Illustrative examples of the minimum price that must be obtained for soybeans before it is profitable to use P fertilizer for given price situations were shown.     

赤眼蜂寄生行为研究（Ⅳ）—子代数量分配和子代性分配

本文在对赤眼蜂性控行为研究的基础上〔3〕,进一步探讨了不同种赤眼蜂在同一种寄主不同分布以及同一蜂种(松毛虫赤眼蜂 Trichogramma dendrolimi)在不同种寄主上的子代数量分配和子代性分配问题。研究结果表明,赤眼蜂具有根据寄主卵体积大小分配及调整其子代数量和子代性别的能力,在不同体积的寄主上具有明显不同的子代数量安排策略和子代性安排策略。在同一种寄主卵上,不同种的赤眼蜂对子代性分配的安排存在着较明显的种间差异.在米蛾卵上,松毛虫赤眼蜂的第一雄卵主要在其第一产卵序产出,稻螟赤眼蜂的第一雄卵主要在其第二产卵序产出,拟澳洲赤眼蜂产第一雄卵的位置比较分散,主要分布在前三卵序。松毛虫赤眼蜂大约每产6粒雌卵而产1粒雄卵;稻螟赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂大约每产5.33和3.37粒雌卵而产1粒雄卵(见表2).寄主卵的体积不同,雌蜂在不同寄主上所分配的子代数量也明显不同。松毛虫赤眼蜂在每粒米蛾卵上只安排1粒蜂卵;在每粒马尾松毛虫卵上平均安排18.64粒蜂卵;在每粒“人造卵”上平均安排33.15粒,在柞蚕卵上平均安排77.43粒蜂卵(见表3)。随着寄主卵体积的增大,雌蜂产第一雄卵的时间后移,在松毛虫卵上,松毛虫赤眼蜂雌蜂在产下第一粒雄卵后,大约以每产16粒雌卵而产1粒雄卵;在柞蚕卵上,大约每隔15粒雌卵产1粒雄卵;在“人造卵”上,产雄卵的间隔大约为9粒雌卵。     

兔病毒性出血症首免时间的研究

针对生产上出现的从断奶育成这一年龄段多发兔病毒性出血症的实际情况，采用快速、敏感的Dot-ELISA方法，通过测定不同免疫状态下的母兔所产兔的母源抗体动态变化规律，并进一步测定不同抗体效价的成年兔攻毒后是否得到保护的结果，再结合生产实际，得出兔病毒性出血症首免时间为30日龄，且剂量加倍。     

Initial shapes of stress-strain curve of wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses and the piezoelectric behavior

This study investigated the relationship between the initial shape of the stress (σ)-strain (ε) curve of a Chamaecyparis obtusa wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses at various angles between the fiber direction and load direction and the piezoelectric behavior. The main findings of the study are: (1) the σ-ε curve became convex initially, and then the stress was proportional to the strain. The σ-ε curve had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading. (2) The σ-piezoelectric voltage (P) curve was nonlinear, with a maximal point or cusp on the curve, which had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading, as was also observed for the σ-ε curve. (3) The plot of the first derivative of the stress [dσ/dε (= σ′)] against ε was nonlinear. The σ′-ε and P-ε curves at various angles were fairly similar. (4) The stress at the maximal point (or cusp) of the σ-P curve decreased with an increase in the angle between the fiber direction and load direction. The tendency of the stresses was very similar to that of Young’s modulus and compression strength calculated from Hook’s law and Hankinson’s law, respectively.     

地理地形因素对山西近50年初霜冻变化的影响(英文)

基于1961~2010年山西62个测站逐日最低地温资料,分析了山西初霜冻变化特征,结果表明:(1)山西1961~2010年平均初霜冻日为10月7日;其分布总体表现为北早南晚,平均初霜冻日与海拔高度和纬度呈显著的负相关,相关系数分别为-0.85和-0.82。(2)M-K突变检验表明,山西近50年大部分站点的初霜日都有突变发生,主要集中在20世纪80~90年代,其分布表现为中部偏晚、北部和南部偏早的特征;突变年份与海拔高度和纬度均为负相关,相关系数分别为-0.45和-0.51。(3)大部分站点初霜冻日为推后趋势,推后幅度较大的地区集中在北部及中东部地区,提前较多的地区主要位于南部及中南部的部分地区;趋势变化与海拔高度和纬度均为负相关,相关系数分别为-0.30和-0.37。(4)轻微、中度和重度初霜冻出现的概率分别为:62%~82%、6%~26%和4%~22%,出现最大的区域分别为:中南部和东北部、中部和北中部、西部和北中部;海拔高度与不同等级初霜冻发生概率的相关都不大,纬度对初霜冻发生概率的影响都大于海拔高度。     

城郊环境梯度下地表径流污染特征研究

采用事件平均浓度（EMC）和M（V）曲线初期冲刷效应判识方法,对2011年4月北京市中心城区和远郊区县降雨径流污染特征进行分析.结果表明,受城郊环境差异影响,径流污染物种类、浓度和初期冲刷效应存在明显分异,城区COD、TP、TN污染物浓度低于郊区,氨氮浓度高于郊区;城区径流存在初期冲刷效应,郊区无明显初期冲刷效应.