肉鸡腹水综合征的心电图学研究进展

近年对肉鸡腹水综合征的研究已取得进一步的认识 ,在研究肺动脉高压的同时更注意具有潜在作用的心脏病变的研究。家禽的心脏传导系统比较特殊 ,它含有一个返回分支束 ,使右房室瓣受传导神经的支配。当右房室瓣不受传导神经的支配时 ,瓣膜功能不全而引起右心室容量过大 ,可介导右心室肥大。心电图描记是研究肉鸡腹水综合征发病机理的有效手段之一。文章系统地阐述了肉鸡心脏的形态结构和传导系统的特点以及几种肉鸡腹水综合征试验模型的心电图学特征、肉鸡的心脏病理变化与心电图学特征之间的关系     

Measurements of auditory sensitivity in common carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis> by the auditory brainstem response technique and cardiac conditioning method

ABSTRACT:   Recently, the non-invasive auditory brainstem response (ABR) technique has been applied to the determination of hearing sensitivity in fish. The technique has some advantages over, and methodological differences from, the classical techniques. The auditory thresholds of common carp were measured by the ABR technique. The classical method was applied to measure cardiac response by electrocardiogram (ECG) after conditioning with electric shock. The most sensitive frequency obtained by ABR was 505 Hz, and by ECG, 1000 Hz. The shapes of the audiogram obtained by ABR and ECG were similar, though threshold levels in both audiograms differed from each other. Furthermore, audiograms obtained by using behavioral techniques were compared with those taken by the ABR and ECG techniques to assess the validity of the ABR technique for testing fish hearing sensitivity. The measured threshold levels increased in the order of behavioral, ABR, and ECG techniques, in the range below 1000 Hz.     

羔羊摆腰病心电图分析

对摆腰病羔羊心电图研究发现，主要改变为窦性心动过速、窦性心律不齐、Ａ－Ｂ导联ＱＳ波或Ｓ波加深，或显著加深。严重病例可见房颤伴室率频速（１５０～２００次／分）及双肢对称性冠状Ｔ波。心电图评定铜、硒制剂单独或联合应用的治疗反应，病羔多项指标均有改善。其中Ｃｕ剂组和Ｃｕ－Ｓｅ－Ｅ组疗效优于Ｓｅ－Ｅ组。     

QRS complexes detection using quadratic b-spline wavelet transform algorithm

Aiming at the low accuracy and low adaptability of wave detection, a QRS complexes detection algorithm is proposed based on quadratic b-spline wavelet, while combined with binary search algorithm and arc approximating curve algorithm. The signal is decomposed with quadratic b-spline wavelet through Mallat algorithm and the R wave is detected by adjusting the threshold with binary search and modulus maximumizing. The T wave and P wave are detected by using arc approximating curve algorithm based on the least square. This algorithm is certified with the ECG signals from MIT-BIH database and is demonstrated that the algorithm enhanced the adaptability of R wave detection and improved the accuracy of T wave and P wave detection. The simulation experiment shows that the improved algorithm can effectively improve the automatic detection capabilities of ECG signals.     

I、aVL、V5、V6导联Q波消失对急性下壁伴右室心肌梗死的诊断价值

目的探讨I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波消失对急性下壁伴右室心肌梗死的诊断价值.方法观察73例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的心电图.结果 35例急性下壁伴右室梗死患者中有18例I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波同时消失,占51.42%,而38例不伴右室梗死患者,仅有1例I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波消失,占2.63%,差异有非常显著性 (P<0.01).以I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波消失作为急性下壁伴右室梗死的诊断指标的敏感性为51.42%,特异性为97.36%.结论I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波同时消失对急性下壁伴右室梗死具有较高的诊断价值.     

Determining cessation of brain activity during depopulation or euthanasia of broilers using accelerometers

The threat of avian influenza virus is a major concern for poultry growers worldwide. In response to avian influenza virus outbreaks in the United States and the existence of zoonotic strains causing human infection and death in Eastern Asia, a mass emergency depopulation method using water-based foam was developed for floor-reared broilers and turkeys. During foam depopulation, birds cannot be observed directly. As a result, several methods for monitoring bird activity during field depopulation research were explored. Accelerometers were found to be a simple, effective means of detecting motion and subsequently the cessation of motion after terminal convulsions ceased. In a previous study, it was shown that motion cessation may coincide with a lack of measureable brain activity. In this study, broilers were monitored with electroencephalograph, electrocardiograph, and motion sensors and treated with 1 of 3 methods of depopulation or euthanasia (Ar-CO₂ gas, CO₂ gas, or water-based foam). The differences between the accelerometer motion cessation and electrocardiogram signal stabilization were significant, as were the differences between motion cessation and electroencephalogram silence. Although the differences are statistically significant, these do not invalidate the use of an accelerometer to detect cessation of measurable brain activity during depopulation or euthanasia research.     

动态心电图对变异型心绞痛的诊断价值

目的探讨动态心电图对变异型心绞痛的诊断价值.方法选取60例确诊为变异型心绞痛的患者做常规12导联同步心电图及12导联动态心电图进行24h监测,同时书写完整的动态心电图生活日志,记录ST段改变情况及当时有无心绞痛症状进行比较分析.结果常规心电图与动态心电图对ST段、T波改变及各种心律失常的阳性检出率分别为11.3%和78...     

水合氯醛、速眠新Ⅱ、二甲苯胺噻唑对家兔心电图、呼吸率和血压的影响

为了探讨麻醉药对正常家兔心电图、呼吸率和血压的影响,将5~6月龄的家兔20只随机分成4组,分别为正常对照组、水合氯醛组、速眠新Ⅱ组、二甲苯胺噻唑组。采用RM6240BD多通道生理信号采集处理系统,测定家兔动脉血压、呼吸率,Ⅱ导联家兔心电图(electrocardiograph,ECG)波形和心率(heart rate,HR)变化。结果显示,ECG各波形变化均比较恒定,仅动作电位在传导过程中各段时间变化存在差异;注射不同的麻醉药后,水合氯醛使家兔HR加快,而注射速眠新Ⅱ及二甲苯胺噻唑后则使HR明显减慢,尤其是二甲苯胺噻唑对HR的影响较大;呼吸率(respiration rate,RR)的变化,3种麻醉药均比正常组高,而二甲苯胺噻唑组最高;血压变化,动脉收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP):二甲苯胺噻唑＞水合氯醛＞速眠新Ⅱ,且均低于正常水平;动脉舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP):水合氯醛＞二甲苯胺噻唑＞速眠新Ⅱ,但水合氯醛组与二甲苯胺噻唑组差异不显著(P＞0.05)。家兔正常状态下,其心电图、心率、呼吸频率和血压的变化与有关文献存在差异,有必要正确掌握其变动范围。     

硝酸稀土添加剂对家兔心电图的影响

将24只家兔随机分为对照组和3个试验组,每组6只,每只每天分别补饲含0,10,20,30mg/kg的硝酸稀土添加剂配合饲料17.5g,补饲5d后,采用肢体导联测定心电图.从第16天开始,剂量改为0,20,40,60mg/kg,第20天时再测定.试验期30d.结果表明:1)波型上主要表现为:心电轴大多左移,大小不等的纤维波、Q异常波、QRS波、T波切迹或呈双峰;2)20mg/kg试验组与对照组心率无差异外,其他试验组与对照组差异显著(p<0.05);3)P-Q间期,随质量浓度的增加而时间缩短,T波时间延长;P波、QRS波群、Q-T间期时限变化不大.P波在10mg/kg下与对照组比较差异极显著(p<0.01),20mg/kg的质量浓度组差异显著(p<0.05),其他浓度组差异不显著.T波持续时限在10,40mg/kg下与对照组比较差异极显著(p<0.01),20,60mg/kg的质量浓度组与对照组比较差异显著(p<0.05).4)P波、QRS波、T波电压随稀土质量浓度的增高,表现为“前低中高后低”趋势,稀土质量浓度达60mg/kg时,各波电压呈下降趋势.