右江流域水生态补偿机制研究初探

为保护右江流域生态环境,协调郁江乃至珠江上下游各方经济利益,更好的激励上游地区生态环境保护行为,通过分析右江流域水生态现状、存在问题、现有生态补偿政策环境及其在郁江流域、珠江流域中的地位和作用,利用外部性理论,分析提出了右江流域水生态补偿模式。通过对标对表有关生态保护规划和区划成果,立足百色市实际,提出了右江流域水生态补偿内容、补偿主客体、补偿标准和补偿方式,初步构建右江流域水生态补偿机制框架,并提出有针对性的补偿政策建议,为水生态补偿实施提供了参考。     

新媒体时代公共图书馆创新服务研究——以重庆图书馆为例

随着新媒体时代的到来,人们接受信息的途径也有了全新的变化。新媒体给公共图书馆带来了机遇和挑战,公共图书馆面对种种挑战,积极创新服务,增强服务能力,提高服务水平和质量。     

Opportunities and Challenges in Chinese Housing Industry

This article studies the opportunities and challenges in housing industry in China and proposes its development tendency.     

关于加速雅安奶业产业化进程的思考与对策

通过招商引资壮大雅安市现有乳品加工企业的能力与水平,带动奶业基地发展;建立奶业协会,破除当前条块分割、体制不顺等问题,提高农民养奶牛奶羊的组织化程度;建设奶业高种园区,提高科技贡献率,充分利用雅安发展奶业得天独厚的优越条件及大好机遇,超常规跨越式发展,使雅安市成为四川奶业强市.     

基于参与性调查的密云水库周边农户对生态环境保护的认知与响应

通过参与性农户评估的调查方法对密云水库周边地区877户农户对信息来源途径、环境保护认识、生态补偿意愿,期望与机会成本、移民意愿与补偿等方面进行分析研究,并针对存在的主要问题提出了相应的对策建议。保护水库周边地区生态环境,需要通过拓展农户信息来源途径,大力普及生态知识,增强农户环境保护意识,引导农户依托当地的旅游资源和北京郊区的区位优势,发展生态环保的都市农业。     

牛至精油和初乳复合物对机会猪生长性能、血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

【目的】 通过研究初生机会猪(体重<1.20 kg)灌服不同水平牛至精油和初乳复合物(EC)对其生长性能、血清抗氧化及免疫指标的影响,为促进机会猪健康发展提供技术依据。【方法】 选择128头体况相近、胎次相近(2/3胎)的大长二元母猪,随机分为4组,每组32头,所有母猪饲粮配方一致。对每组母猪所产仔猪中的机会猪在出生后分别灌服0 mL(对照组,CON)、2 mL(EC2组,1次灌服)、4 mL(EC4组,连续2 d灌服)和6 mL(EC6组,连续3 d灌服)牛至精油和初乳复合物。试验期从出生到断奶共21 d,试验期间记录所有仔猪的初生重和结束体重,用于计算机会猪的平均日增重(ADG),并在试验结束后采集机会猪血清用于测定抗氧化和免疫相关指标。【结果】 与对照组相比,初生机会猪灌服EC显著提高了断奶重和平均日增重(P<0.05),且各腹泻指标均显著降低(P<0.05);EC4和EC6组死亡率显著降低(P<0.05);EC4组各腹泻指标和死亡率均显著低于EC2组(P<0.05)。EC6组血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性均显著低于CON组(P<0.05),球蛋白(GLB)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgG、IgM水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著高于CON和EC2组(P<0.05)。【结论】 初生机会猪灌服EC可提高其生长性能,且连续灌服2 d可显著减少腹泻和死亡;连续灌服3 d可提高免疫性能和抗氧化性能。     

Policies Affecting Forestry Entrepreneurship

Many demand and supply-side policies impede or foster forestry entrepreneurship. A study was conducted to consolidate existing knowledge on policies influencing forestry entrepreneurship in Finland, Norway, Japan, Australia, the Philippines and the USA, and to draw conclusions on these impeding and fostering factors. From the country studies it was difficult to find common structures on policies affecting forestry entrepreneurship. This is understandable because most policies in forestry are aimed at supporting sustainable forest management, wood production and ecological services of the forests rather than entrepreneurship as such. Despite the high variety of policies applied in the study countries, it can be concluded that strict public control on forests’ use and management potentially impedes forestry entrepreneurship. While these policies assist to correct market failure and to promote sustainability of forest management, they may also result into unnecessary and ineffective regulations that limit the opportunities for forestry entrepreneurship. A common feature promoting the demand for forestry entrepreneurship in some of the countries studied is the strong emphasis on forestry cooperatives, which were important institutions to support small-scale forestry entrepreneurship. In many study countries, different ad hoc programs are implemented to find new economic and entrepreneurial opportunities aside from the current use of wood and forests. Subsidies and tax incentives are commonly applied to reduce risks from making forestry investments or otherwise increase the economic return from timber production.     

The behavioural dynamics of fishers: management implications

In pursuing their livelihood, fishers develop strategies when faced with changes in regulations and other fishery conditions. Changes involve each individual in a decision‐making process governed by his/her own goals or constraints. Despite this reality, the complex dynamics of fishing has usually been ignored in designing management initiatives, which has contributed to management failures in many parts of the world. Fishers have generally been treated as fixed elements, with no consideration of individual attitudes based on their operating scales (geographical, ecological, social and economic) and personal goals. We review existing research on the social, economic and behavioural dynamics of fishing to provide insight into fisher behaviour and its implications for fisheries management. Emphasis is placed on fisher perception, and how fishers develop dynamic fishing tactics and strategies as an adaptive response to changes in resource abundance, environmental conditions and market or regulatory constraints. We conclude that knowledge of these dynamics is essential for effective management, and we discuss how such information can be collected, analysed and integrated into fisheries assessment and management. Particular emphasis is placed on small‐scale fisheries, but some examples from industrial fleets are provided to highlight similar issues in different types of fisheries.     

公共物流网络平台与中小货运企业机遇

中国加入WTO ,中小货运企业如何应对迎接机遇与挑战 ,本文认为应利用现代物流与电子技术信息网络及早转型现代物流 ,加快信息技术应用 ,形成公共货运物流网络 ,以实现低成本、低投入 ,高效率 ,加快物流产业的发展     

从数字鸿沟到数字机遇

随着信息时代的产业格局以及全球化分工的逐渐分明,发展不均衡造成的数字鸿沟问题也逐渐凸现。图书馆在消除数字鸿沟中将起到核心作用。利用信息资源共享机制、快捷的网络等各种优势,图书馆将在提高全民信息素养、缩小数字鸿沟、创造数字机遇中扮演重要角色。