Use of regression analysis for converting quicktest‐measured lime and fertilizer recommendations into actual values based on longer equilibration times

Abstract

Soil tests should produce data useful for making accurate lime and fertilizer recommendations aimed at optimizing chemical conditions for plant growth or providing available nutrient levels sufficient for maximum yields. In order to attain these objectives, we believe, quicktest‐computed rates have to be made equivalent to actual values through a regression adjustment. Although it may not be most desirable to use this adjustment for each new population of soils, it may be worse to try to use a function derived from one group of soils on a second group not well represented by the first.     

Sugar-Beet-Processing Lime as an Amendment for Low pH Soils

In the Red River Valley, about 385,000 Mg of lime is used to help refine about 39,000 Mg of sugar beets. In a greenhouse study, sugar-beet-processing lime (spent lime; SL), commercial ag lime (AL), and reagent-grade lime (RL) were added to an acidic soil at rates of 0, 1.96, 3.93, and 7.86 Mg ECC ha^?1. Wheat was planted, and aboveground biomass and root masses were determined after 44 d of growth. Soil pH increased the greatest with the highest lime application rates. Incorporation of lime uniformly increased soil pH in the pots, whereas with surface application, soil pH decreased with increasing depth. The SL yielded more aboveground soil biomass and root mass than the AL and RL. Use of SL for increasing soil pH and reducing exchangeable Al in acid soils would be a viable use for this industrial by-product.     

Adjustment of soil-surface pH and comparison with conventional fungicide treatments for control of lettuce drop (Sclerotinia minor)

The use of soil-surface applications of finely powdered calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) to inhibit Sclerotinia minor sclerotial germination and infection at the collar region of lettuce plants is described. In the laboratory, a pH > 8·0 reduced sclerotial germination of the three S. minor isolates tested. In the glasshouse, surface applications of 2–10 t Ca(OH)₂ ha⁻¹ raised the pH of the top 1–2 cm of a duplex sandy loam soil above 8·5 for at least 8 weeks without affecting soil pH within the transplant root zone. There was a linear relationship between the rate of Ca(OH)₂ applied and disease control, with complete disease suppression at 10 t Ca(OH)₂ ha⁻¹. In field trials on two soil types (duplex sandy loam, pH 6·0; and red ferrosol, pH 6·9), a rate of 2·5 t Ca(OH)₂ ha⁻¹, maintained soil-surface pH above 8·5 for 1–3 weeks and provided up to 58% reduction in lettuce drop. Application of polyvinyl alcohol (a soil-conditioning polymer) over the Ca(OH)₂ layer appeared to reduce Ca(OH)₂ loss by wind, but did not improve retention of raised soil-surface pH or disease suppression. Ca(OH)₂ treatment gave similar disease control to the industry standard treatment of a procymidone-based fungicide seedling drench. A combined treatment of Ca(OH)₂ and fungicide drench gave greater control than either individual treatment, and equivalent control to fungicide drench and three procymidone foliar sprays, offering integrated management options. The use of soil-surface-applied Ca(OH)₂ with fungicides, rotation and drip irrigation offers an opportunity for enhanced and sustainable control of lettuce drop.     

温室甲鱼养殖生石灰的合理使用

生石灰是水产养殖的一种常规药物,非常普遍的用在水质消毒,疾病防治中,许多水产养殖用户也把生石灰作为一种常用的水质改良剂,但在甲鱼的养殖中,要根据情况酌情使用,否则,会出现pH值过高从而导致有毒气体的产生,造成甲鱼中毒的病况。本文介绍了温室甲鱼养殖中生石灰使用不当引起的病况,并提出了相应解救措施。实验中采用了生石灰日常消毒常用的浓度和间隔日期,伴随着pH值与氨氮的浓度升高,甲鱼出现了死亡现象,在解除了生石灰的使用后,甲鱼停止了死亡现象。     

浅谈市政道路石灰土基层施工

笔者从石灰土在道路施工中的重要性出发,分析市政道路石灰土基层施工的前期准备工作,并介绍了市政道路石灰土基层施工工艺流程,最后分析了特殊季节道路石灰土基层施工的注意事项。     

整地施肥对I-69杨人工林生长效应的研究

在淮北平原宿县,通过大穴整地、施肥改良砂姜黑土、营造Ⅰ-69杨的五年试验证明,大穴整地当年效应明显(径、高增长19.8%、91.8%);头二年肥效不显;第三年起N肥、有机肥、N×有机肥交互作用效应极显著(材积增加77%),施P+K肥效应较差,N+K肥和N+P肥经济效益较高,投入/产出为1/6.22和1/3.78;材积增加60%和58%。整地加施肥综合效益明显,有效施肥占综合效益85.1%～88.8%。     

掺钢渣的石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石抗压强度的研究

以马鞍山钢铁集团钢渣公司的钢渣为研究对象，分析研究了在半刚性基层材料石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石中掺入细钢渣，用细钢渣部分取代粉煤灰后，混合料无侧限抗压强度的变化情况。试验结果表明，随着细钢渣掺量的增加，石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度呈先增大后减小的趋势。这说明当细钢渣掺量适当时（钢渣：粉煤灰=1：2），能明显提高石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料的抗压强度，其抗压强度可提高30％，所以从其增强效果来看是比较显著的。     

砂姜黑土区氮肥基追比对不同小麦品种产量和品质的影响

为了确定豫西南砂姜黑土区小麦的最佳氮肥基追比,以强筋小麦郑麦7698和弱筋小麦偃展4110为试验材料,研究了豫西南砂姜黑土区氮肥基追比(0∶10、2∶8、4∶6、6∶4、8∶2、10∶0)对不同筋度小麦产量和品质的影响.结果表明,在砂姜黑土区,氮肥基追比对不同筋度小麦产量和品质有较大影响,随着氮肥基追比的增加,2个小麦品种的产量及品质总体上均先增加后降低.强筋小麦郑麦7698和弱筋小麦偃展4110分别在基追比4∶6、6∶4时产量最高、品质最优;此时两品种产量分别为7 274.0、7 230.5 kg/hm2,小麦产量的提高主要得益于有效穗数的增加.在豫西南砂姜黑土区,建议强筋小麦以基追比4∶6、弱筋小麦以6∶4施氮方式为优.     

石灰和有机质对不同性质镉污染土壤中镉有效性的影响

通过土培试验研究了添加不同改良剂(鸡粪、泥炭和石灰)对我国不同性质土壤(云南赤红壤、江西红壤、吉林黑土和内蒙栗钙土)镉污染的改良差异。结果表明,不同改良剂0～60 d内对四种镉污染土壤的改良效果均较为显著。鸡粪对云南赤红壤、江西红壤、吉林黑土和内蒙栗钙土镉污染的固定率分别为37.0%、52.7%、29.3%和49.6%,显示鸡粪对这四种不同性质镉污染土壤的改良效果是江西红壤≈内蒙栗钙土云南赤红壤吉林黑土;泥炭对云南赤红壤、江西红壤、吉林黑土和内蒙栗钙土镉污染的固定率分别为33.1%、51.7%、30.5%和51.2%,显示泥炭对这四种不同性质镉污染土壤的改良效果是江西红壤≈内蒙栗钙土吉林黑土≈云南赤红壤;石灰对云南赤红壤、江西红壤、吉林黑土和内蒙栗钙土镉污染的固定率分别为60.7%、55.5%、40.7%、41.7%,显示石灰对这四种不同性质镉污染土壤的改良效果是云南赤红壤江西红壤吉林黑土≈内蒙栗钙土。综上可知,在对镉污染的酸性土壤改良上,石灰好于有机质,而对镉污染的中性和碱性土壤改良上,有机质则好于石灰。     

富镉复垦基质中添加改良剂对作物镉含量及产量的影响

为了选择出可以在基质中安全种植的作物,该文研究了在粉煤灰加酒糟（基质Ⅰ）和粉煤灰加污泥（基质Ⅱ）混合成的基质中添加柠檬酸和熟石灰作为改良剂,对芸豆、豇豆和马铃薯镉含量及产量的影响。结果表明：熟石灰可以提高作物出苗率,柠檬酸对作物出苗率影响不大。熟石灰可以显著提高基质Ⅰ中芸豆和豇豆以及2种基质中马铃薯的产量,柠檬酸降低基质Ⅰ中芸豆和豇豆的产量,达到显著水平,而对马铃薯在2种基质中的产量影响都不显著。熟石灰可以显著降低芸豆和马铃薯果实中镉的含量,柠檬酸却可以显著增加芸豆果实中镉的含量。粉煤灰加酒糟中可以安全种植的作物为芸豆、豇豆和马铃薯;粉煤灰加污泥中可以安全种植的作物为马铃薯。