车辆发动机气门弹簧的设计方法探讨

发动机气门弹簧多用圆柱形螺旋压缩弹簧,在气门关闭过程中用于克服气门及传动件的惯性力,保证气门及时落座并紧密贴合,防止气门在发动机振动时产生跳动。本文通过分析其优化设计的设计变量、目标函数和约束条件,提出并验证优化设计的数学模型,该方法简便易行,且可以达到预期的设计目的。     

基于Matlab的AHP分析程序设计

层次分析法是目前最为广泛应用的决策方法,但涉及大量的矩阵运算,影响了该方法的推广。Matlab软件精于矩阵运算,与C语言结构类似,移植性强,本研究基于Matlab设计出了便捷高效的AHP计算机程序。     

Comparison of sampling and isolation procedures for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 from the oral cavity of slaughter pigs

Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3/biotype 4 was isolated from the oral cavity of altogether 32 (68.1 %) of 47 freshly eviscerated slaughter pigs. Most efficient recovery was achieved by cultivation of tissue samples from both tongue and tonsils of the same individual. The isolation rate so obtained was significantly higher than that obtained by separate examination of either tonsil swabs or tongue swabs. However, the isolation frequency achieved by combined swabbing of the 2 sites was not significantly different. In general, tonsils were more productive for the recovery of 0:3 strains than were tongues, and tissue samples yielded higher isolation rates than did swabs. Three-week cold enrichment in a low selective medium proved essential for optimal recovery. However, the highest number of isolates was obtained using a combination of methods, including direct plating and selective enrichment in a modified Rappaport broth in addition to cold enrichment.     

编制photoshop7.0外接程序辅助计算林业调查及规划设计地形图勾绘小班扫描图面积

详细介绍了利用windows API功能调用,编制photoshop7.0外接程序,实现林业调查及规划设计中计算地形图勾绘小班扫描位图面积的方法。     

Herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs – a pilot study

Background

The major indication for antibiotic use in Danish pigs is treatment of intestinal diseases post weaning. Clinical decisions on antibiotic batch medication are often based on inspection of diarrhoeic pools on the pen floor. In some of these treated diarrhoea outbreaks, intestinal pathogens can only be demonstrated in a small number of pigs within the treated group (low pathogen diarrhoea). Termination of antibiotic batch medication in herds suffering from such diarrhoea could potentially reduce the consumption of antibiotics in the pig industry. The objective of the present pilot study was to suggest criteria for herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs.Data previously collected from 20 Danish herds were used to create a case series of clinical diarrhoea outbreaks normally subjected to antibiotic treatment. In the present study, these diarrhoea outbreaks were classified as low pathogen (<15% of the pigs having bacterial intestinal disease) (n =5 outbreaks) or high pathogen (≥15% of the pigs having bacterial intestinal disease) (n =15 outbreaks). Based on the case series, different diagnostic procedures were explored, and criteria for herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea were suggested. The effect of sampling variation was explored by simulation.

Results

The diagnostic procedure with the highest combined herd-level sensitivity and specificity was qPCR testing of a pooled sample containing 20 randomly selected faecal samples. The criteria for a positive test result (high pathogen diarrhoea outbreak) were an average of 1.5 diarrhoeic faecal pools on the floor of each pen in the room under investigation and a pathogenic bacterial load ≥35,000 per gram in the faecal pool tested by qPCR. The bacterial load was the sum of Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira pilosicoli and Escherichia coli F4 and F18 bacteria per gram faeces. The herd-diagnostic performance was (herd-level) diagnostic sensitivity =0.99, diagnostic specificity =0.80, positive predictive value =0.94 and negative predictive value =0.96.

Conclusions

The pilot study suggests criteria for herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs. The suggested criteria should now be evaluated, and the effect of terminating antibiotic batch medication in herds identified as suffering from low pathogen diarrhoea should be explored.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2046-0481-67-24) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Effect of cryoprotectants, extenders and freezing rates on the fertilization rate of frozen striped catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage), sperm

The effects of four cryoprotectants (methanol, MeOH; dimethyl sulphoxide, DMSO; dimethyl acetamide, DMA; and ethylene glycol, EG), three extenders (calcium‐free Hanks' balanced salt solution, C‐F HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution, HBSS and sodium chloride, NaCl) and two different freezing procedures (one‐ and two‐step) on the cryopreservation of striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage)) sperm were investigated. Sperm were frozen using a controlled‐rate freezer in 250 μL straws and stored for 2 weeks in a liquid nitrogen (LN₂) container. They were then airthawed at room temperature, and fertilization, motility and viability were assessed. The highest fertilization rate of 41% (81% of control) was achieved with the combination of 12% DMSO and 0.9% NaCl using a one‐step freezing procedure (10°C min^?1). Also, DMA resulted in a higher fertilization rate (30% or 51% of the control) than MeOH (18% or 38% of the control) or EG (8% or 12% of the control). In addition, the three extenders used did not affect fertilization rates after cryopreservation with each cryoprotectant. There were no significant differences among the three cryoprotectant concentrations and between the one‐ and two‐step freezing procedures. However, fertilization rates of cryopreserved sperm were significantly lower than the controls (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that high fertilization rates of striped catfish eggs can be achieved using cryopreserved sperm when frozen at 10°C min^?1 in DMSO or DMA with either 0.9% NaCl or C‐F HBSS.     

党参种子检验方法及质量标准研究

[目的]研究党参种子的检验方法及质量标准.[方法]从山西、甘肃和陕西3省6县共收集和调查27份党参种子,并参照《农作物种子检验规程》GB/T 3543.1-7,1995对其净度分析、千粒重、发芽率、生活力测定、含水率等指标的检验方法进行研究,制定党参种子最佳质量检验方法.并根据制定的检验方法和规程,对不同产区的27份党参种子样品进行质量检验,采用K类中心聚类法制定种子质量分级标准.[结果]党参种子喜凉不喜热,适合栽培在天气凉爽的地区,发芽的最适温度应是25℃,最适发芽床是纱布床;最适宜染色条件为染色温度40℃,TTC浓度0.5％,染色时间4h;在聚类分析基础上,将净度、千粒重、含水率、活力、发芽率5项指标作为质量分级指标,将党参种子质量可分为3级标准,活力和发芽率差异明显,成为分级标准的最重要因素,其次是净度、千粒重和含水率.[结论]该研究为党参规范化栽培和产业化发展提供了重要依据.     

杂交稻新组合“H两优991”烟后制种高产技术

H两优991是用不育系HD9802S与恢复系R991配组育成的两系杂交稻新组合,连续3年在泰宁县大田乡进行烟后制种,具有高产、稳产的特点.介绍了H两优991亲本的特征特性,总结其烟后制种的高产技术.     

规范图书招标采购行为 加强招标采购程序控制

为进一步规范图书馆文献采购招标行为，必须加强文献招标采购过程中的程序控制。介绍了我国各类型图书馆文献招标采购的招标方式，同时对图书馆文献招标采购程序进行了分析和研究。     

蚁蚕期个体形体特征在蚕种杂交率检验中的应用

 【目的】检验蚕种杂交率是蚕桑生产的重要工作，但生产上还没有一种理想的方法。【方法】采用体视显微镜（解剖镜）放大观察蚁蚕。【结果】不同蚕品种具有不同的蚕体颜色、斑纹、斑纹颜色和形状、体型等形体特征，这种形体特征与4、5龄大蚕的形体特征不同，据此发明了一种根据蚁蚕期形体特征检验蚕种杂交率的方法。该方法是采用体视显微镜和摄影设备首先建立每一个家蚕品种蚁蚕期个体形体特征的图文数据库；然后将待鉴别家蚕品种的形体特征与数据库中已知品种的形体特征进行一对一的比较分析，按照概率分布理论和抽样推断方法对检验结果进行统计推断；为了同时减少将不合格蚕种误判为合格蚕种及将合格蚕种误判为不合格蚕种的鉴定风险，拟采用2次抽样检验方法，2个样本组成都为1 000个个体，当第一检和第二检检出纯种数分别小于等于38和79时判为合格蚕种。【结论】本方法可达到简便、正确、快速、低成本、早时期的检验蚕种杂交率的目的。