水流冲击多段滞留气团的三维数值模拟

针对水气两相瞬变现象,充分考虑了水体弹性、气体可压缩性、水-气交界面的动态运动以及多段气团间相互作用,采用三维CFD方法对起伏管道内含多段滞留气团的水气两相作用进行建模和模拟,选择Standard k-ε湍流模型进行模拟研究,将三维计算结果、现有一维模型计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析,并通过水气两相分布图展现动态变化过程.结果表明:与一维模型相比,三维CFD模型能够更为准确地模拟起伏管道内瞬变压力波动,并且能够清楚描述水气掺混、耦合的动态变化.水流冲击初始两段滞留气团压力波动曲线显示,多气团间的瞬变压力并非同步变化,可能呈现多气团峰值压力交替出现的情况,这与初始气团长度密切相关.水气交界面自由变化,阻断水体长度时刻发生变化,当水体运动到管道弯曲处时会产生新的阻断水体,将气团分成若干部分.     

“一带一路”背景下陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径研究

陕西作为丝绸之路的发源地，以其有利的自然生态条件和区域产业结构，形成了以茶叶为主导的产业发展格局。目前，陕西省茶叶出口规模不大，市场占有率较低。在“一带一路”倡议的推动下，陕西省茶叶出口至沿线国家的潜力较大，未来将逐步呈上升态势。研究了“一带一路”背景下陕西茶叶跨境电商市场发展现状和存在的问题，提出陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径，通过借力跨境电商平台、开拓国际市场、稳固绿茶品牌、布局海外仓解决出口难的问题，以及完善跨境电商法律秩序，拓展陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径。      

Beaver dams,streamflow complexity,and the distribution of a rare minnow,Lepidomeda copei

Freshwater fishes are threatened globally, and often too little is known about threatened species to effectively guide their conservation. Habitat complexity is linked to fish species diversity and persistence, and degraded streams often lack habitat complexity. Beaver Castor spp., in turn, have been used to restore streams and increase habitat complexity. The northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei is a rare, small‐bodied, drift‐feeding minnow that has anecdotally been observed to use complex habitats associated with beaver dams in the western United States. To investigate this anecdote, we conducted fish and habitat surveys, the latter focusing on quantifying habitat complexity, in a sub‐basin of the Upper Snake River Basin in the USA. Complementary generalised linear model and path analyses revealed that northern leatherside chub occurred more often at sites with complex streamflows, and streamflows were more complex when beaver dams were present and pools were deeper. Northern leatherside chubs were also more likely to occur when temperatures were warmer, aquatic macrophytes were abundant and stream channels were narrow and deep. The linkage between chubs, complex streamflows and beaver dams needs to be evaluated more broadly to completely understand its role in the rangewide status of the species. However, it does suggests that increased use of beaver reintroductions and dam analogues for stream restoration could be a boon for the northern leatherside chub, but such efforts should be monitored to determine their effectiveness to help adapt beaver‐based restoration approaches to best benefit the species.     

Engineered-airlift pumps for aquaculture applications using multiphase flow analysis

Currently, very few aquaculture operations are employing airlift pump technology for water recirculation, aeration, and waste removal. This is likely due to the poor design and lower efficiency of traditional airlift design, the limited amount of research effort that has been invested in improving performance capabilities of air lift pumps and the general lack of awareness of the industry about the inherent advantages of airlift systems. A new efficient airlift pump is hydrodynamically designed by incorporating the Volume of Fluid (VOF) multi-phase model along with the K-ε turbulence model utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools. The pump is designed to offer a substantial reduction in total energy usage as well as an improved quality of the culture products in order to make it attractive to aquaculture industry. In this study, both numerical and experimental investigations were carried out for airlift systems operating under two different submergence ratios of 50% and 90% in a lab setting using 2.54 cm diameter pumps. Also, the performance of a large-scale pumps of 10.16 cm diameters were also tested in an aquaculture raceway to determine its effect on the operation. The numerical results were found to be in agreement with the experiments within ±20% which is considered very reasonable for multiphase flow analysis. The present study was found to present a great tool for modelling the airlift pump performance, and potentially proposing new designs.     

山东省果品产业高质量发展的意义及实现途径

果品产业高质量发展是兼顾经营者、生产者、消费者利益的更高层面的发展;推动山东果品产业高质量发展对于应对产业面临的挑战与压力、促进乡村振兴、落实新发展理念、增加农民收入等都具有十分重要的意义;山东果品产业发展水平具备了由追求高产量向追求高质量发展转变的客观条件;推动山东果品产业高质量发展,需要在充分发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用的同时,更好地发挥政府作用。     

含刚性沉水植物明渠水流结构的试验研究

【目的】得到含刚性沉水植物明渠的水流结构。【方法】采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV),用有机玻璃棒模拟刚性植物,在不同来水流量、植物密度条件下对明渠水流结构进行了试验研究。【结果】无植物时平均流速沿垂向呈对数分布规律,有植物时则呈现明显的分区分布特性。无植物时紊动强度值沿垂向变化不大,有植物时在植物顶端位置处紊动最剧烈。流量或植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的流速梯度就越大,植物层上方的流速最大值也越大。植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的紊动强度越大,植物密度对水流紊动强度由最大值减小到最小值的区域影响很大。【结论】刚性沉水植物的存在会改变水流结构,增强紊动掺混,增强流体质点交换和能量传递,且上述影响会随着流量或植物密度的增大而增强。     

基于改进蚁群算法的农田平地导航三维路径规划方法

为解决农田平地机无人驾驶作业时缺乏局部规划，进而实现平地路径在线调整的问题，以平地作业土方合理运卸且路径最短为目的，提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的农田平地导航三维路径规划方法。基于农田三维地势模型，采用改进的蚁群算法规划三维路径：以平地作业土方运载为决策方向，建立新的路径搜索节点，对比平地机作业时平地铲运载土方量和经过栅格计算所需的挖填土方量，根据土方运载任务设置信息素更新规则和启发函数，获取农田平地的最佳三维路径；基于平地机的运动学模型，设置农田平地机转向约束条件，根据约束条件对路径进行平滑优化，并建立三维路径规划的效果评价标准。仿真结果表明：相比于原始蚁群算法，该方法的路径规划效果评价指标提高33.3%以上，可以更好地指导农田平地机实现局部平地任务，而且大大缩短了路径生成时间和路径长度，使路径更为平滑，更适用于辅助农田平地的自动导航作业。     

不适温度条件诱导西瓜嗜酸菌进入VBNC状态的研究

 由西瓜嗜酸菌(Acidovorax citrulli)引起的瓜类果斑病,是危害西瓜和甜瓜等葫芦科作物的一种典型的种传细菌性病害。已有文章报道西瓜嗜酸菌在铜离子诱导下可进入“有活力但不可培养”(viable but non-culturable,VBNC)状态,并在适当条件下复苏,成为生产中潜在的病害初侵染来源。本文结合实际生产中的种子温汤浸种和低温储藏等条件,分别设定了50℃、55℃高温和4℃低温对西瓜嗜酸菌AAC00-1进行处理,通过流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)和平板培养法分别检测菌体活性和可培养性。结果显示,不适宜的温度条件能够诱导西瓜嗜酸菌AAC00-1进入VBNC状态,其中55℃高温20和30 min的两个处理,所有活菌均进入VBNC状态。将处理后的AAC00-1接种西瓜子叶,接种植株未表现出果斑病症状,且不能从接种部位分离得到可培养菌体。表明本诱导条件下的VBNC状态A. citrulli菌体不能通过短时间活体接种复苏。本研究分析了西瓜嗜酸菌在不适宜温度条件下进入VBNC状态的能力,为解析病害可能的初侵染来源提供了理论依据,对葫芦科作物果斑病防控具有重要的生产实践意义。     

黄土丘陵区坡面薄层水流动力学特性及其对土壤侵蚀的影响

为奠定基于运动力学参数构建土壤侵蚀模型的理论基础,通过不同降雨强度(25、50和75 mm/h)、不同坡长(1、5、10、15和20 m)下径流小区内人工模拟降雨试验,对不同处理下坡面薄层水动力学特性进行分析,并对水动力学参数与土壤侵蚀之间的关系进行初步探讨。结果表明:当坡度一定时,坡面平均流速主要受坡长及单宽流量影响,降雨强度通过影响单宽流量的大小间接影响坡面平均流速;在试验设计范围内,当坡长1 m时,整体上呈"层流-急流态",当坡长为1 m时,整体上呈"层流-缓流态";当降雨强度一定时,雷诺数随着坡长的增加线性增加,佛汝德数随着坡长的增加以幂函数形式增加;降雨强度对坡面流有明显的"增阻"效应;坡面阻力系数随着坡长的增加呈幂函数减小趋势;坡面平均土壤侵蚀率与单宽流量间呈一元线性趋势增加,与水流平均流速间呈指数函数增加,与雷诺数间呈二次函数增加。     

有摩擦的高速气体管流

本文以多变热力过程为基础建立了有摩擦管路的计算公式,并对计算方法和有关问题作了分析说明.