可可活性成分的研究概况

概述可可中的多酚类化合物、脂类化合物、蛋白质及膳食纤维等的活性成分，及其分析方法与生理功能的研究现状。     

新疆卡提拉玛工艺配方的研究

熟牛油、生奶皮、白砂糖是制作新疆塔吉克族特色面制品的主要原料。通过正交试验确定三者在卡提拉玛中的添加量，研制具有新疆独特风味的卡提拉玛。在基本配方（高筋小麦粉500 g，酵母3 g，食盐2 g，鸡蛋清30 g，牛奶185 mL，饮用水100 mL，清油4 mL）的基础上，确定三者最佳添加量（以高筋粉为基重）。结果表明：加入熟牛油6 mL、生奶皮15 g、白砂糖3 g，可制作出色泽金黄、口感醇香、质地酥脆、具有生奶皮特有香气的新疆卡提拉玛。     

Effect of microwave pre-treatment on physical quality,bioactive compounds,safety risk factor,and storage stability of peanut butter

Microwave, as a new heat treatment technology, has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed. It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality. Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time. However, the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting conditions are limited. Herein, we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter. Different roasting powers (400 ​W, 800 ​W and 1200 ​W) and times (4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ​min) were preliminarily tested. Among them, 800 ​W at 5 ​min was the most suitable. The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color, sensory, bioactive compounds, storage stability, and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars (Silihong, Baisha-1016, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414). The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars (Silihong, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414) with moisture content between 5% and 7.2% had a similar sensory score (6–7) as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other. The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L1 values of 51–52, respectively, for high initial moisture peanut cultivars. The total polyphenol (35.20-31.59 ​± ​0.59 ​μmol GAE/g) and tocopherol (19.05 ​± ​0.35 ​mg/100 ​g) content in the butter obtained from three cultivars (Yuahua-9102, Yuhua, and Baisha-1016) and Silihong respectively, were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) higher than those in the commercial butter. The induction times of all pre-treated butter (19.80 ​± ​0.99–7.84 ​± ​0.07 ​h) were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples. In addition, no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples. Collectively, the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one. These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.     

Relationship of chemical properties of different peanut varieties to peanut butter storage stability

This study examined the effect of peanut quality on the storage stability of peanut butter. The quality of 17 varieties of peanuts was analyzed, and each was used to prepare peanut butter. For different storage temperatures and durations, stability of the peanut butter was measured according to three indicators: peroxide value, acid value, and centrifugal rate. The correlation between peanut components and peanut butter storage stability was also investigated. The results indicated significant differences in fatty acid composition between different varieties of peanut. Peanut butter prepared with high oleic peanuts (Kainong 17-15) had a significantly longer shelf life than that of other varieties. The significant correlation between the stability of peanut butter and peanut quality suggests that oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main influencing factors on stability. This study finds that the high oleic peanuts (HOP) is the most suitable variety for making peanut butter, which can allow farmers and processors to choose the specific variety for better product and shelf life.     

Chilean hazelnut butter,a new alternative for consumers

Four formulations of Chilean hazelnut butter were prepared containing Chilean hazelnut paste and 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% margarine. As the level of margarine was increased to 20%, the protein and crude fiber content decreased markedly, while those of moisture, crude fat and calories increased. After 90 days of storage, neither the samples stored at 5°C nor those stored at 15°C showed any objectionable effects both from the bacteriological and chemical point of view. Sensory analyses, including quality and acceptability studies, were performed on the various blends. Flavor, color and taste were improved by the addition of margarine to the butter formulas. It is concluded, therefore, that Chilean hazelnut butter represents a new and interesting alternative for human nourishment.     

可可活性成分的研究概况

概述可可中的多酚类化合物、脂类化合物、蛋白质及膳食纤维等的活性成分,及其分析方法与生理功能的研究现状。     

黄油的研究进展

黄油主要是由甘油三酯组成,具有重要的营养价值和功能特性,黄油产品的传统优势是其风味和乳特性。介绍了黄油的起源、发展,化学、物理和营养特性,生产、包装以及贮藏和运输。     

涂层处理技术在新型燕麦酸奶研制中的应用研究

应用涂层处理技术将燕麦预处理加工,开发了一种货架期内燕麦不吸水软化的新型酸奶。主要研究内容包括涂层油脂的筛选,涂层工艺的主要参数,涂层燕麦颗粒的杀菌条件及涂层处理对燕麦酸奶口感的提升。结果表明可可脂与月桂型代可可脂等比例混合物性质稳定,熔点范围窄,适合涂层燕麦;燕麦涂层加工较佳条件为:温度48℃,浸涂时间30 s,传送速度5 m/min,冷却温度16℃,涂层后谷物辐照杀菌剂量30～40 kGy。为含谷物与膨化食品的新型酸奶的开发奠定了基础。     

巧克力中可可脂与代可可脂的GC-MS分析与营养比较

根据可可脂与代可可脂中脂肪酸组成的不同,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析巧克力中代可可脂(CBS)及可可脂(CB)的含量。从脂肪酸组成角度比较巧克力与代可可脂巧克力的营养价值。     

提高花生酱稳定性的工艺研究

为了提高花生酱的稳定性,探讨了花生酱在储存过程中出现分层现象的主要原因和解决方法,对影响花生酱风味、色泽、口感、稳定性的工艺作了初步研究,研制出具有半流动性,口感、风味、色泽良好的稳定型花生酱。