Extraction of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves essential oil using solvent-free microwave extraction: Process optimization and quality evaluation

The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables: moisture content (A: 54%–74%), microwave power (B: 300–500 ​W) and microwave time (C: 20–40 ​min), on the extraction yield of essential oil. The compounds of the essential oils obtained by SFME, hydro-distillation and microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MADE) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the total lipids of C. longepaniculatum fresh leaves and deciduous leaves were analyzed. The correlation analysis of the response regression model indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the extraction of essential oil. The optimal extraction condition was A: 58%, B: 400 ​W and C: 28 ​min. In the optimal condition, the maximum extraction yield was 4.475 mL/100 ​g dw and higher than that by MADE. The main compound of the essential oil was eucalyptol (63.54%), and total oxygenated compounds was 78.95%, mainly caused by SFME and the metabolism of endophytic bacteria with decreasing content of phospholipids and fatty acids. Analysis of variance under the extraction condition illustrated high fitness of the model and the success of RSM for optimizing and reflecting the expected process condition. SFME combined with moisture regulation was an effective method for extracting essential oil from C. longepaniculatum deciduous leaves.     

Lipid analysis of three special nervonic acid resources in China

Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body. Malania oleifera, Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil. This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources. Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector (GC-FID). Triglycerides (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs) were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry (shotgun-MS). Results showed that M. oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid (46.20 ​± ​0.22%) among the 3 oils. Seeds oil of A. truncatum and X. sorbifolium had 3.53 ​± ​0.20% and 1.83 ​± ​0.21% nervonic acid respectively. 53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M. oleifera oil, with PLs content of 499.94 ​± ​22.34 ​μg/g. In A. truncatum oil, PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M. oleifera oil, and its’ content of PLs was 76.27 ​± ​3.21 ​μg/g. In X. sorbifolium oil, 75 TAGs and 34 ​PLs were detected, with the lowest PLs at 23.84 ​± ​0.17 ​μg/g. The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health.     

Profiling the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques on the physicochemical attributes of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins

There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial applications. The work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction (MAE and SE) techniques on the functional physicochemical quality characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera ​seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques using petroleum ether. Quality attributes including yield percent, moisture content, iodine, saponification, specific gravity, viscosity, pH, thiobarbituric acid, acid and peroxide values were measured. Mineral and vitamin contents, chemical/functional groups, fatty acid (FA) composition, and reducing power of the oil were evaluated. Metabolomics of protein extracted from the defatted powders were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). M. oleifera ​oil from MAE and SE methods had good yield (34.25 ​± ​0.0%, 28.75 ​± ​0.0%), low moisture content (0.008 ​± ​0.0%, 0.011 ​± ​0.0%), non-drying and unsaturated, moderately saponified, less dense (0.91 ​± ​0.01, 0.92 ​± ​0.02 g mL⁻¹), had Newtonian flow, were weakly acidic, showed good content of FAs, recorded strong potential for long shelf-life, showed stability against oxidative rancidity and enzymatic hydrolysis, had very rich deposits of micro- and macro-nutrients as well as water-soluble and lipid-soluble vitamins, and functional groups in the oil were reflective of its content of long- and medium-chain triglycerides (LCT and MCT). Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids (MUFA and SFA) were detected and the oil has excellent ferric ion reducing power. NMR metabolomic assay revealed the presence of nine essential amino acids (EAAs) in the protein extract. MAE technique is a feasible and acceptable alternative for high throughput extraction of ​M. oleifera ​oil with high yield and excellent quality attributes. The study revealed that MAE did not impart any remarkable advantage(s) on the physicochemical properties of ​M. oleifera ​seed oil and protein compared to SE technique.     

Dynamic changes of nutrient content in herbaceous peony seed

Herbaceous peony is a promising oilseed crop. ‘Hangshao’ and ‘Fenghuang Niepan’ are two cultivars with high yield and oil content. In this study, seed reserved nutrient of these two genotypes were investigated during seed development process. Results showed that ‘Hangshao’ and ‘Fenghuang Niepan’ matured approximately 85 ​d after flowering (DAF). The development process could be divided into four stages: seed formation and enlargement stage (S1), seed inclusion and enrichment stage (S2), crude fat rapid accumulation stage (S3) and dehydration and color transition stage (S4). During this process, 100-seed fresh weight (HFW) and 100-seed dry weight (HDW) increased, whereas water content (WC) decreased. HFW, HDW and WC for ‘Hangshao’ seed at 85 DAF were 28.56 g, 20.78 ​g and 37.50% respectively, whereas those for ‘Fenghuang Niepan’ seed were 27.2 ​g, 19.78 ​g, and 30.85% respectively. In terms of the primary metabolites measuring, soluble protein content was consistently low (only 2.24%–3.15%), while starch content was relatively high (5.60%–24.81%). They displayed a trend of gradual increasing in early stage, followed by rapid decline. Crude fat tended to accumulate continuously with a linear upward trend starting at 40 DAF, and its maximum level was reached at 85 DAF (27.57% for ‘Hangshao’ and 29.57% for ‘Fenghuang Niepan’). For the secondary metabolites determination, total phenols content was relatively steady, maintaining at 107.7–129.9 ​mg/g for both cultivars, while total flavonoids content varied within 25.33–65.33 ​mg/g for ‘Hangshao’ and 24.33–52.37 ​mg/g for ‘Fenghuang Niepan’. The maximum level for both cultivars occurred at 55 DAF. Furthermore, crude fat content was found to be highly correlated with WC by correlation analysis and linear regression model definition (P ​≤ ​0.01 and r ​= ​0.954). Thus, WC was recommended for evaluating crude fat in peony seed. These findings could provide scientific reference for high-yielding production practice for oleaginous peony plant.     

Evaluation of yield,stability and adaptability of national winter rapeseed regional trials in the upper Yangtze River region in 2017-2018

Rapeseed variety needs to be tested by regional trial in multiple sites for many years before being applied in market in China. Performants of rapeseed were affected by the interaction of sites and varieties. Evaluation of regional trials is very important for guiding rapeseed breeding. GGE (genotype main effects and genotype ​× ​environment interaction) biplot was used to evaluate yield, stability, adaptability, representativeness and discrimination of national winter rapeseed trials in the upper reaches of Yangtze River in 2017-2018. Results showed that the main effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and genotype ​× ​environment interaction (G × E) were significant (P ​< ​0.01) for yield. Among them, E accounted for 46.95% total variation on average, G and G × E accounted for 19.34% and 33.71% respectively. Eight varieties were found with high-yield, excellent stability and adaptability, including ‘Yiyou 29’, ‘Xiwang 920’, ‘Liyouza 108’, ‘Nanyou 546’, ‘Dadi 195’, ‘Jiayou 1’, ‘Huayouza 28’ and ‘Yuhua 2’. Test sites included Nanchong, Mianyang, Wanzhou, Shuangliu and Chengdu in Sichuan Province and Zunyi together with Guiyang in Guizhou Province were selected for their excellent representativeness and discrimination. These results would provide theoretical basis for rapeseed breeding.     

Absolute quantitative detection of genetically modified soybean MON87708×MON89788 with stacked traits by digital polymerase chain reaction

The main advantage of digital PCR (dPCR) is that it facilitates absolute quantification of the target without reference to the standard/calibration curve. Crystal droplet dPCR has a three-color staining detection function, which enables multiplex PCR reaction. In this study, this technique was used to establish triple dPCR detection for the genetically modified soybean MON87708 ​× ​MON89788 with stacked traits. Specific absolute quantitative detection was accomplished for the genomic DNA extracted from the homogenized seeds of GM stack MON87708 ​× ​MON89788 soybean. Our results can serve as a reference for the absolute quantitative detection of stacked events of genetically modified crops.     

Breeding dominant genic male sterility restorer line of Brassica napus L.

To facilate breeding process of Brassica napus, a microspore culture and molecular marker-assisted screening combined system were proposed in this research. At early flowering stage, F₁ offspring of hybridized combination HY15A ​× ​HF06 was used as donor for microspore culture to analyze effects of colchicine concentration on embryogenic and diploid rates of microspore. Treatment with 50 ​mg/L colchicine resulted in embryogenic rate of 3.56 embryos/bud, which was substantially higher than control (0.78 embryos/bud). A total of 1,387 embryos and 862 single plants were obtained after induction culture. Ploidy detection was performed for the regenerated plants by flow cytometry. Diploid rates of microspores treated with 50 ​mg/L and 70 ​mg/L colchicine were 17.2% and 21.0% respectively, which was significantly higher than control (10.5%). Totally 108 single plants that doubled successfully were randomly selected and screened using molecular marker BE10. Approximately 54 of 108 plants generated a 305 bp amplification product, whereas the other 54 plants showed a 398 bp band, thereby satisfying 1:1 separation ratio (x²_0.05 ​= ​0.0093). These coincided with field identification results. Findings of this study indicated that homozygous breeding material could be obtained by microspore culture in a short time, thereby remarkably accelerate breeding.     

Comparative advantages of chemical compositions of specific edible vegetable oils

As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decide their development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oils were investigated. The comparative advantages of chemical compositions of these edible oils were obtained as follows: (1) camellia, tiger nut and almond oil were rich in oleic acid, the contents of which accounted for 79.43%, 69.16% and 66.26%, respectively; (2) safflower oil contained the highest content of linoleic acid (76.69%), followed by grape seed (66.85%) and walnut oil (57.30%); (3) perilla seed, siritch, peony seed and herbaceous peony seed oil were rich in α-linolenic acid (59.61%, 43.74%, 40.83% and 30.84%, respectively); (4) the total phytosterol contents of these oils ranged from 91.46 mg/100 ​g (camellia oil) to 506.46 mg/100 ​g (siritch oil); and (5) The best source of tocopherols was sacha inchi oil (122.74 mg/100 ​g), followed by perilla seed oil (55.89 mg/100 ​g), peony seed oil (53.73 mg/100 ​g) and herbaceous peony seed oil (47.17 mg/100 ​g). The comparative advantages of these specific edible oils indicated that they possess the high potential nutritional values and health care functions.     

Effects of rainfall,temperature and illumination on outcrossing rate of male sterile line in soybean

To improve seed yield of male sterile line, the relationship between outcrossing rate and climate factors was explored. Data of blooming period, outcrossing rate of male sterile line and climate during 2006–2016 growing seasons were investigated and analyzed. The shortest blooming period was 18.8 ​d with mean temperature of 24^oC–25 ​°C and 18.5 ​d with about 125 ​h natural illumination. More rainfall caused a longer blooming period, and a high outcrossing rate was found with about 100 ​mm rainfall and the mean temperature of 24^oC–25 ​°C. Increased natural illumination time by tapetum lucidum mulching improved outcrossing rate by 42.48% compared tocontrol. Overall, the selective combination of climate and environmental factors could be effective for increasing outcrossing rate and hybrid seed yield in the male sterile line of soybean.     

Genetic segregation analysis of unsaturated fatty acids content in the filial generations of high-linolenic-acid rapeseed (Brassica napus)

Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acids that can improve human health. Rapeseed is the second largest oil crop in the world but the ALA content in its seed fatty acids is only about 10%. Two rapeseed germplasms YH25005 and R8Q10 with high content (up to 21%) ALA were developed by intervarietal crossing. They were used as the maternal parent (P₁) when crossed with a low ALA parent SW (P₂) to produce the seeds of the F₁ hybrid, F₂, and backcrosses to P₁ (BCP₁) and P₂ (BCP₂). A multigeneration joint segregation analysis was conducted to determine major gene ​+ ​polygene effects of the content of three major unsaturated fatty acids including oleic (OA), linoleic (LA) and ALA. The results showed that, although some genes favorable to ALA accumulation were not allelic in R8Q10 and YH25005, all the inheritances of OA, LA and ALA in YH25005 ​× ​SW and R8Q10 ​× ​SW followed a genetic model of ‘two pairs of additive major genes ​+ ​additive-dominant polygenes’. It is suggested that the contents of OA, LA and ALA are closely related and the major genes in the parent SW containing loss-of-function mutations in FAD2 and FAD3 loci had strong effect to reduce ALA and elevate OA. However, total genetic effect of the polygenes was greater than that of the two major genes, especial on ALA content. It indicated that it is necessary to employ a larger F₂ population to find the plant that accumulate enough minor-effect polygenes for high ALA content. The results are useful for high ALA rapeseed breeding and future work of gene mapping.     

Erratum to: Antioxidant Properties of Extracts Obtained from Raw, Dry-roasted, and Oil-roasted US Peanuts of Commercial Importance

Raw, skinless peanut kernels from US commercial production lines were dry- and oil-roasted according to standard industrial practices. Eighty percent (v/v) methanolic extracts from the peanut cultivars were prepared and characterized by RP-HPLC: five predominant compounds were found comprising free p-coumaric acid and potential p-coumaric acid derivatives, as elucidated by DAD-UV spectra with comparisons to those of commercial standards. A Spanish high-oleic peanut possessed the greatest naturally-occurring level of p-coumaric acid and its derivatives, followed by a high-oleic Runner, a normal Runner, and a Virginia peanut. Upon thermal processing, p-coumaric acid was liberated at the expense of its derivatives according to the relationship: oil roasting > dry roasting > raw. A high-oleic Runner exhibited the greatest increase (∼785%) in free p-coumaric acid levels after oil roasting. For many of the samples from the 2007 crop, processing increased the TPC and antioxidant capacities in the order of raw < dry roast < oil roast, but results were cultivar dependent. Oil-roasted peanuts were more effective at scavenging O₂ ^●- than their dry-roasted counterparts, as determined by a photochemiluminescence assay. Overall findings indicate that although thermal processing altered the composition of peanut kernel antioxidants, TPC values and radical-scavenging activities are preserved. Depending on peanut type, cultivar, and harvest date, enhanced antioxidant capacities can result.     

Chemical composition of walnuts from three regions in China

To reveal the characteristic chemicals of walnuts from different origins, we analyzed fatty acid composition, tocopherols, phytosterols and total phenolic content (TPC) of walnuts from three main producing regions in China. The results showed that walnuts were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids was close to the recommendation of Chinese Nutrition Society. Moreover, walnuts contain high contents of tocopherols (331.20–414.71 ​mg/kg), phytosterols (97.17–110.35 ​mg/100 ​g) and phenols (38.51–48.08 ​mg GAE/kg). Significant chemical differences exist among walnuts from three production regions. The highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in walnuts from the northern China, the highest content of tocopherols in walnuts from southwest China, and the highest contents of phytosterol and TPC in walnuts from northwest China. However, there was no significant difference in the tocopherol, phytosterol and TPC content of walnuts between the Northern China and Northwest China. The above results provide important references for manufacturers and consumers to select suitable walnut scientifically and reasonably.     

Antioxidant Properties of Extracts Obtained from Raw,Dry-roasted,and Oil-roasted US Peanuts of Commercial Importance

Raw, skinless peanut kernels from US commercial production lines were dry- and oil-roasted according to standard industrial practices. Eighty percent (v/v) methanolic extracts from the peanut cultivars were prepared and characterized by RP-HPLC: five predominant compounds were found comprising free p-coumaric acid and potential p-coumaric acid derivatives, as elucidated by DAD-UV spectra with comparisons to those of commercial standards. A Spanish high-oleic peanut possessed the greatest naturally-occurring level of p-coumaric acid and its derivatives, followed by a high-oleic Runner, a normal Runner, and a Virginia peanut. Upon thermal processing, p-coumaric acid was liberated at the expense of its derivatives according to the relationship: oil roasting > dry roasting > raw. A high-oleic Runner exhibited the greatest increase (～785%) in free p-coumaric acid levels after oil roasting. For many of the samples from the 2007 crop, processing increased the TPC and antioxidant capacities in the order of raw < dry roast < oil roast, but results were cultivar dependent. Oil-roasted peanuts were more effective at scavenging O₂ ^●- than their dry-roasted counterparts, as determined by a photochemiluminescence assay. Overall findings indicate that although thermal processing altered the composition of peanut kernel antioxidants, TPC values and radical-scavenging activities are preserved. Depending on peanut type, cultivar, and harvest date, enhanced antioxidant capacities can result.     

Phenotypic identification of peanut germplasm for resistance to southern stem rot

Southern stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., is a destructive soil fungal disease of peanut in China and other countries. To evaluate resistant germplasm, a total of 256 peanut accessions were investigated on their resistance to southern stem rot in 3 environments by artificial inoculation. Variance analysis indicated that disease index was significantly influenced by environment, genotype and genotype ​× ​environment interactions. Peanut accessions of var. vulgaris type exhibited higher resistance to southern stem rot. Disease index was significantly negatively correlated with linoleic acid content, while positively correlated with oleic acid content. Six resistant accessions were identified, including Hua 28, Shandongzai, ICG 6326, Quanhua 7, Quanhua 9 and Guihua 836, with their disease indexes under 40 and mortality were less than 30% in the three environments. The identified resistant accessions showed the great potential to be applied in resistant peanut breeding, and would be good genetic resources for enhancing the resistance to southern stem rot.     

Genistein and daidzein reduced chlorpyrifos induced damage in PC12 cell

The present study preliminarily evaluated neurotoxicity injuries induced by chlorpyrifos in PC12 ​cell, which were used as a model for nervous cell system. In cultured PC12 ​cell, application of soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, monomer and mixture) significantly reduced chlorpyrifos induced toxicity, a widely used pesticide, and resulted in a better cell survival rate. Treatments with isoflavones reduced malondialdehyde content, reactive oxygengeneration and acetylcholine level in medium, and maintained mitochondrial membrane potential integrity. Daidzein enhanced endogenous antioxidant system in PC12 ​cell with an increasing in superoxide dismutase per-unit activity. Genistein reduced acetylcholine content in the medium. Daidzein and genistein showed different effects, and their combined effect were greater than individual. In conclusion, soy isoflavones as an antioxidant and neuroprotectant, enhanced choline metabolism, which effectively mitigated disadvantageous influence of PC12 ​cell caused by chlorpyrifos.     

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax

In order to identify effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax, a two-factor experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in typical semi-arid and hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau with 3 replicates in 2013 and 2014. Two levels of N application included 150 ​kg/hm² (N₂) and 75 ​kg/hm² (N₁). P application included 150 ​kg P₂O₅/hm² (P₂) and 75 ​kg P₂O₅/hm² (P₁). Temporal and spatial variation of soil nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) contents in 0–60 ​cm soil layer, and relationship between soil NO₃⁻-N accumulation (SNA) and grain yield of oil flax were analyzed. Results showed that SNA increased with evaluated N application rate in different soil layers (0–20 ​cm, 20–40 ​cm and 40–60 ​cm). With the increased P application, SNA increased at N₁ level but decreased at N₂ level. SNA under N₂P₁ treatment increased by 73.33% in 2013 and 74.97% in 2014 respectively, compared with control treatment (CK) at maturity stage. Grain yield of oil flax also increased by 44.27% in 2013 and 56.55% in 2014, compared with CK under the same treatment. Correlation analysis showed that SNA in different soil layers were respectively positively correlated with grain yield. In conclusion, this research suggested that the optimal fertilizer application rate was 150 ​kg ​N/hm² and 75 ​kg P₂O₅/hm² in the Northwest of China.     

Identification and evaluation of high nitrogen nutrition efficiency in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) germplasm

To establish identification and evaluation methods of N (nitrogen) absorption and utilization of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), difference of N nutrition efficiency (NNE) among rapeseed germplasms and relationship between NNE and plant traits under various N application rates were analyzed in this research. Pot cultivating experiments were conducted to investigate NNE with 3 ​N application rates in soil (0.05, 0.2 and 0.3 ​g/kg). A total of 12 rapeseed germplasms were planted, nitrogen absorption efficiency (NAE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) in seedling stage, bolting stage, initial flowering stage, final flowering stage, and maturity stage were obtained. Results showed that bolting stage was the best period for NAE identification and evaluation. Low N application rate in soil (0.05 ​g/kg) was the best for NAE, and the indirect indexes were basal stem diameter, plant root dry weight and above ground plant dry weight. Maturity stage was the best period for NUE identification and evaluation. High N application rate in soil (0.3 ​g/kg) was the best for NUE, and indirect indexes were above ground plant dry weight and basal stem diameter. N application rates of 0.05 ​g/kg in soil was the best for nitrogen harvest index at maturity stage, and indirect indexes was number of pods per plant. Plant traits of rapeseed germplasms affected NNE. Higher basal stem diameter, plant root dry weight and above ground plant dry weight at bolting stage under low N application rate were important characteristics of N absorption in rapeseed. Higher above ground plant dry weight and basal stem diameter at maturity stage under high N application rate were important characteristics of N utilization. Higher number of pods per plant at maturity stage under lowe N application rate was an important characteristic of N harvest index. These results provided a reliable index for N management and provided theoretical basis for guiding rapeseed breeding.     

Effect of non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus on aflatoxin contamination of pre-harvest peanuts in fields in China

Aflatoxin contamination of peanuts is one of the most concerns in peanut production in China. Applying non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains, based on competitive exclusion, has been proved to be a promising strategy to reduce aflatoxin contamination in pre-harvest peanuts. Two non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains collected in China, which have been proved effectively reducing aflatoxin in the laboratory, were mixed with high aflatoxin producer to the soil in peanut growing season. The two non-aflatoxigenic strains significantly (P ​< ​0.05) reduced aflatoxin contamination in peanut kernels under both normal and drought stresses in two fields. Compared to control, the total aflatoxin (sum of aflatoxin B₁ and B₂) was reduced 26.7–99.12% in field 1, and 84.96–99.33% in field 2. The aflatoxin was reduced 84.96–99.33% under drought stress in two fields. The present study indicated the non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains could be potential biocontrol agents for reducing aflatoxin contamination under field condition.     

不同花生品种高产生理参数研究

以远杂9102和国内生产上种植面积较大的两个小果型品种白沙1016、鲁花12号及两个大果型品种海花1号、豫花15号为材料,考查叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、叶片可溶性糖含量、经济系数等重要生理参数.结果表明,远杂9102功能叶叶绿素含量在小果品种中最高,叶片叶绿素含量在生长后期减少的速度慢于同类型其它品种;叶面积指数位于最适...     

Comprehensive lipidomics and volatile compounds profiling reveals correlation of lipids and flavors in DHA-enriched egg yolk

DHA-enriched eggs have gained popularity due to their unique nutritional value, but their flavor can be challenging for some consumers to accept. The study analyzed the correlation of lipids and flavors in DHA-enriched egg yolks using comprehensive lipidomics and volatile compound analysis. The results showed that 411 lipids were detected in two egg yolk samples. Among them, 148 lipid species, including 48 DHA-containing lipids, were significantly higher in DHA-enriched egg yolks than in Common ones (P ​< ​0.05). Furthermore, of the 24 volatile compounds detected, the contents of benzaldehyde, heptanal, hexanal, decanal and 2-nonanone in DHA-enriched egg yolks were significantly higher than in Common egg yolks (P ​< ​0.05). The “fishy” smell characteristic of DHA-enriched egg yolks was mainly caused by volatile aldehydes, which may be produced through the hydrolysis of lipids in the egg yolk to free fatty acids and further oxidation. Analysis of the correlation network diagram revealed that phospholipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid, or oleic acid chains were the main contributors to the characteristic flavor of DHA-enriched egg yolks. Overall, this study explored the effect of different lipids on the flavor of DHA-enriched egg yolks and provided a theoretical basis for the production and improvement of DHA-enriched eggs.