黄褐油葫芦 Teleogryllus derelictus 染色体C-带核型研究

对采自吉林省松花湖库区的黄褐油葫芦Teleogryllus derelictus的染色体C-带核型进行了分析。结果表明：黄褐油葫芦的染色体数目为2n（♂）=26＋XO=27,其中有7对为中部着丝粒染色体,其余为端部着丝粒染色体;染色体组式为2L＋7M＋4S＋X;属“1B”核型;染色体都含有着丝粒带,其中L1～M7及X染色体各具一弱染端带。同时我们也将其与黄脸油葫芦进行了比较分析。     

温度对黄脸油葫芦卵滞育解除的影响

黄脸：油葫芦在我国分布广泛，对农作物造成一定程度的危害．调查了温度对江苏泗洪地区黄脸油葫芦卵滞育的影响．检测了低温对其卵滞育的解除效果及高温对促进滞育解除的影响．结果表明：黄脸油葫芦的卵在30、25、20℃的温度条件下均进入滞育；8℃处理40d以上对黄脸油葫芦的卵滞育具明显的解除效果，但要完全解除其滞育需经8℃处理100d以上；8℃低温处理20d尚未能有效解除黄脸油葫芦卵的滞育，但8℃低温处理20d后再30℃加温，卵的孵化虽然很不整齐。但在60d内孵化率可达100％；同样，8℃低温处理20d后经30℃处理7d以上也会显著提高其孵化率，说明高温具促进黄脸：油葫芦卵滞育解除的效果．高温对黄脸油葫芦卵滞育解除的促进作用．在维持其生活史的整齐性，并使其发育与季节保持同步方面具有重要的生态意义。     

黄褐油葫芦虫体氨基酸组分与发育阶段的相关性分析

对黄褐油葫芦不同发育阶段的氨基酸成分和含量进行了分析。结果表明：黄褐油葫芦富含18种氨基酸，除胱氨酸外，其它氨基酸在若虫期与发育阶段呈正相关，必需氨基酸的含量达45．56％，仅在某些发育阶段体内表现有2种限制性氨基酸，分别为赖氨酸和苏氨酸。黄褐油葫芦属优质蛋白源。     

应用发声器特征鉴别油葫芦属种类的研究(直翅目:蟋蟀科)

应用扫描电镜观察了直翅目Orthoptera蟋蟀科Gryllidae油葫芦属Teleogryllus5种油葫芦，即黄脸油葫芦T.emma，黄褐油葫芦T.derelictus。银川油葫芦T.infernalis。黑脸油葫芦T.occipitalis。北京油葫芦鉴定中有重要价值。     

Postdispersal seed predation by Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) reduces the seedling emergence of a non‐native grass weed,Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

The potential impact of postdispersal seed predation by the field cricket, Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi et Matsuura), on the seedling emergence of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), a non‐native grass weed in Japan, was determined. The relationship between cricket density and the proportion of seedling emergence was investigated by conducting manipulative experiments in duplicate, using enclosures. One‐thousand seeds of Italian ryegrass were exposed to adult crickets at different densities (zero, one, two, four and eight individuals per 2.25 m² enclosure) for 2 weeks. The proportion of seedling emergence decreased with increasing cricket density. The proportion of seedling emergence in the enclosures without the crickets was 90.9–97.2%, whereas the seedling emergence in the enclosures with eight crickets greatly decreased, to 0.5–2.5%. These results suggest that postdispersal seed predation by T. emma can substantially decrease the abundance of Italian ryegrass at an early life stage and reduce its population in environments with a high density of crickets.     

温度对黄脸油葫芦卵滞育解除的影响

黄脸油葫芦在我国分布广泛,对农作物造成一定程度的危害.调查了温度对江苏泗洪地区黄脸油葫芦卵滞育的影响,检测了低温对其卵滞育的解除效果及高温对促进滞育解除的影响.结果表明:黄脸油葫芦的卵在30、25、20℃的温度条件下均进入滞育;8℃处理40 d以上对黄脸油葫芦的卵滞育具明显的解除效果,但要完全解除其滞育需经8℃处理100 d以上;8℃低温处理20 d尚未能有效解除黄脸油葫芦卵的滞育,但8℃低温处理20 d后再30℃加温,卵的孵化虽然很不整齐,但在60 d内孵化率可达100%;同样,8℃低温处理20 d后经30℃处理7 d以上也会显著提高其孵化率,说明高温具促进黄脸油葫芦卵滞育解除的效果.高温对黄脸油葫芦卵滞育解除的促进作用,在维持其生活史的整齐性,并使其发育与季节保持同步方面具有重要的生态意义.     

Weed seedling herbivory by field cricket Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in relation to the depth of seedling emergence

This study aimed to determine whether seedling herbivory by the field cricket, Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi et Matsuura), promoted the mortality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), a non‐native grass weed in Japan, whether the impact of seedling herbivory differed depending on the depth of seedling emergence and the influence of cricket density on seedling mortality. First, the seedlings at emergence depths of 0, 1 and 2 cm were exposed to the cricket for 2 days in plastic cups and the amount of seedling mortality by herbivory was calculated. The level of mortality of 60 seedlings that emerged from seeds on the soil surface was 92.4%, significantly higher than that of the seedlings that emerged from seeds at depths of 1 cm (10.8%) and 2 cm (9.6%). Second, the seedlings at the emergence depths of 0 and 1 cm were exposed to the crickets at four different densities (zero, one, two and three individuals per 5700 cm²) for 5 days in plastic containers and the amount of seedling mortality by herbivory was calculated. The level of mortality by herbivory of the seedlings that emerged from 100 seeds on the soil surface was higher (33.3–61.3%) than that of the seedlings that emerged from seeds at a depth of 1 cm (4.7–13.1%) in the containers with one‐to‐three crickets. The level of seedling mortality tended to increase with an increasing cricket density. These results suggest that seedling herbivory by crickets is an important factor in weed mortality, particularly in no‐till fields and in field margins, where the seeds are more prevalent near the soil surface.     

黄褐油葫芦人工饲料的配方筛选

利用规划求解法筛选出肉骨粉和豆粕作为供试蛋白源。将麦麸、玉米、肉骨粉、豆粕作为供试饲料,利用二次正交旋转组合设计饲料配方饲喂黄褐油葫芦低龄若虫,调查单体增重与存活率。结果经二次正交旋转组合分析,求得二次回归模型及影响因子。根据回归模型进行方差分析、主效应分析以及对所选配方的优化分析,筛选出适合黄褐油葫芦生长期最佳饲料配方:按质量分数分别为肉骨粉24.1%~34.3%,豆粕21.5%~25.0%,麦麸25.9%~21.3%,玉米31.2%~18.3%。