Ecological features and ranging patterns at a chimpanzee release site on Rubondo Island, Tanzania

This study examines the behavioral ecology of a chimpanzee population on Rubondo Island in Lake Victoria, Tanzania, over 40 years after chimpanzees were first introduced to the island from captivity. Despite little pre-release habitat assessment, rehabilitation, or post-release monitoring, these chimpanzees are one of the only released populations to survive over decades without provisioning. We surveyed habitat structure and plant composition to gain insights into ecological features that have supported this self-sufficient chimpanzee population for over 40 years. We also examined possible ecological sources of chimpanzee ranging patterns on the island. We surveyed woody plant composition, and quantified densities of species producing large fleshy fruits and confirmed chimpanzee fruit foods across three chimpanzee ranging areas, each separated by several kilometers. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination to compare community-level patterns of plant composition across regions. The densities of trees and lianas producing fleshy fruits were high in comparison with similar measures at endemic chimpanzee study sites. There were major differences in the composition of tree species, including species of chimpanzee fruit foods, across the three regions. In contrast, liana species composition was similar across regions, and was characterized by a few super-abundant species, including one chimpanzee fallback food. The wide-ranging patterns of chimpanzees do not appear to be influenced by localized tree fruiting patterns, but may be facilitated by the wide-spread distribution of an important fallback food. In comparison with other endemic and release sites, the relatively low ecological population density of chimpanzees, the high density of both trees and lianas producing large fleshy fruits and the presence of a high-quality, widely-distributed fallback food are factors that likely contributed to the success of Rubondo chimpanzees in reverting to natural foraging behaviors after their release.     

天2井原油生物标记化合物与油源研究

采用定量气相色谱质谱技术,剖析了天2井原油的生物标志物组合特征并追踪了其油源。研究结果表明,天2井原油中C31-C35藿烷丰度依次降低,含有较高丰度的伽马蜡烷,无重排藿烷和重排甾烷,C27-C29规则甾烷呈反“L”型分布,C28甾烷丰度较高。甾烷的异构化成熟度参数、甲基菲指数均暗示原油成熟度低。在对本区可能烃源岩生物标志物组合特征广泛调查的基础上,从生物标志物指纹和绝对浓度特征确认了天2井原油与下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段烃源岩有成因联系,指出巴音戈壁组下段烃源岩为天草凹陷主力烃源岩。     

潘敏求教授从“瘀、毒、虚”论治乳腺癌经验

潘敏求教授认为乳腺与肝、脾、肾及冲任二脉关系密切,“瘀”、“毒”、“虚”是乳腺癌的基本病机,“疏肝健脾、补肾益精、化瘀解毒”是治疗乳腺癌的主要治则,潘教授临床用药常扶正祛邪并用,中西结合综合治疗,在疏肝健脾的基础上,十分重视脾胃与肝肾之气,以自拟乳复方为基本方,随症加减,临床应用疗效满意。     

广东产业集群对泛珠三角区域一体化的影响与对策思考

根据广东产业集群发展的现状和趋势,结合产业集群理论研究,分析了广东产业集群对泛珠三角区域一体化存在极化效应等不利影响,进而提出了以培育区域核心竞争要素为基础,加强制度整合和建立区域合作发展基金,实现特色产业集群、优势产业集群和高端产业集群呈梯次配置区域一体化对策.     

新疆阿勒泰地区20cm蒸发皿蒸发量的变化特征

利用新疆阿勒泰地区7个气象台站1964-2001年连续38a的20cm口径蒸发皿资料,运用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall法对该地区蒸发皿蒸发量的年代际变化趋势和突变情况进行了研究。结果表明:整个地区平均而言,20世纪70年代的年平均蒸发皿蒸发量最高,此后逐年代下降,大部分站点的年代际变化趋势与全区一致,东部有两站不同;夏季平均蒸发量最大、春季次之,冬季最少;除冬季外,平均季蒸发量与年变化一致。年平均及春、夏、秋季蒸发皿蒸发量呈波动变化状态,冬季呈显著的上升趋势。空间分析表明,夏秋季大部分站的蒸发皿蒸发量呈显著下降趋势,个别站呈显著上升趋势;冬季大部分站呈显著上升趋势,春季大部站变化不明显。突变检测表明,该地区年及夏秋季蒸发皿蒸发量80年代中期有一次明显的突变,春、冬季突变不明显。各站及不同季节趋势变化和突变时间的不同步,表明气候变化在不同的地区和季节会有不同的体现。     

Study on a soil erosion sampling survey in the Pan-Third Pole region based on higher-resolution images

Soil erosion is one of the most severe global environmental problems, and soil erosion surveys are the scientific basis for planning soil conservation and ecological development. To improve soil erosion sampling survey methods and accurately and rapidly estimate the actual rates of soil erosion, a Pan-Third Pole region was taken as an example to study a methodology of soil erosion sampling survey based on high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images. The sampling units were designed using a stratified variable probability systematic sampling method. The spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion and conservation were taken into account, and finer-resolution freely available and accessible images in Google Earth were used. Through the visual interpretation of the free high-resolution remote sensing images, detailed information on land use and soil conservation measures was obtained. Then, combined with the regional soil erosion factor data products, such as rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), and slope length and steepness factor (LS), the soil loss rates of some sampling units were calculated. The results show that, based on these high-resolution remote sensing images, the land use and soil conservation measures of the sampling units can be quickly and accurately extracted. The interpretation accuracy in 4 typical cross sections was more than 80%, and sampling accuracy, described by histogram similarity in 11 large sampling sites, show that the landuse of sampling uints can represent the structural characteristics of regional land use. Based on the interpretation of data from the sample survey and the regional soil erosion factor data products, the calculation of the soil erosion rate can be completed quickly. The calculation results can reflect the actual conditions of soil erosion better than the potential soil erosion rates calculated by using the coarse-resolution remote sensing method.     

Human settlement ecology and chimpanzee habitat selection in Mali

Customary land-use practices create distinctive cultural landscapes, including landscapes where abandoned settlements host vegetation that attracts wild animals. Understanding how landscape patterns relate to land-use history can help clarify the ecological effects of particular land uses. This study examines relationships between chimpanzee habitat selection and Maninka settlement practice, to determine how settlement history has affected chimpanzee habitat in Mali’s Bafing Biosphere Reserve, where conservation practitioners assume that the characteristic settlement pattern reflects a process of settlement expansion into undisturbed habitat. Three types of data are reported: (1) ethnographic interviews on settlement history and practice; (2) systematic sampling of chimpanzee habitat use; and (3) ground-based mapping of settlement sites, surface water, and fruit-tree patches. These data show that the Maninka have a shifting settlement system, meaning that most sites are occupied for only relatively brief periods; and that some abandoned settlement sites host fruit-tree patches that are seasonally important chimpanzee habitat. Two main conclusions are: (1) settlement expansion has not occurred; instead, historic settlement has created habitat that is both attractive and available to chimpanzees. Anthropogenic habitat does not appear to be vital for chimpanzee survival, but it spatially and temporally supplements natural habitats. (2) Conservation policies meant to reduce the presumed threat of settlement expansion may have initiated an unintended, long-term threat of habitat loss for chimpanzees. While settlement practices may be a component of short-term threats to chimpanzees, such as hunting, when addressing these threats conservation practitioners should consider long-term settlement processes to avoid creating new threats.     

Effects of microwave drying on the contents of functional constituents of Eucommia ulmoides flower tea

In order to make male flower tea of Eucommia ulmoides, this paper systematically investigated the effects of microwave drying, a newly emerging drying method, on the contents of functional constituents contained in the flower (such as total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, aucubin and geniposidic acid) from the aspects of microwave output power and time of treatment. A comparison was conducted in the view of tea quality between microwave drying and conventional drying methods used in tea manufacturing, such as pan baking drying and oven ventilation baking drying. The results indicated that microwave drying method could maximally maintain the functional constituents. Further comparison on sensory quality showed that by microwave drying mode, the shape of the stamens of the flower was intact, the color was greenish, the liquor of the flower tea was fresh with strong Eucommia male flower flavor.     

淮北平原1966～2007年蒸发量变化趋势及其影响因素分析

选择安徽淮北平原五道沟实验站1966～2007年的逐年器皿蒸发、不同深度的潜水蒸发资料以及对应的气温、相对湿度、水汽饱和差、风速、日照时数等气象数据计算淮北平原40年来蒸发过程的变化趋势及其与气象因子的关系,分析其相互作用关系。结果表明,近40年来淮北平原温度呈上升趋势,年均温度的增幅逐渐减小有利于蒸发能力增加,而太阳辐射、风速等减少和相对湿度增加蒸发阻力,且后者作用大于前者。在此基础上建立以气象变化因子的蒸发能力预测模型,能很好地反映气候变化过程对水面蒸发、潜水蒸发的影响,有利于评估未来水量平衡关系分析和预测。     

贵州盘县八大山地区苔藓植物研究

对采自贵州盘县八大山地区的1000余号苔藓植物标本进行了整理和鉴定。结果表明：该地区有苔藓植物54科125属277种（包括亚种、变种）,其中,优势科：有丛藓科Pottiaceae、青藓科Brachytheciaceae、灰藓科Hypnaceae、羽苔科Plagiochilacea和地萼苔科Geocalyaceae等;优势属有青藓属Brachythecium、淘灯藓属Plagiomnium和真藓属Bryum等。