江西省主要人工混交林类型的优化与筛选

以杉木或湿地松为主要树种,用南酸枣、檫树、樟树、乐昌含笑、福建柏、鹅掌楸、蓝果树等作伴生树种,开展了13个类型的混交林试验研究,在定性分析筛选的基础上,初选出9个比较优良的混交类型,再依据Ii=P1h/H+P2d/D+P3v/V计算出混交类型的优选指标,用I标准=I单均+aδn计算出类型的优化标准为6.12.据此对参试的混交类型进行优选,选出的最佳混交类型为杉木+南酸枣、杉木+檫树、杉木+樟树和湿地松+鹅掌楸4个混交类型,供林业生产上推广应用.     

7株根瘤菌菌株与热研2号柱花草共生最适磷浓度研究

采用水培的方法,设3个磷水平,7个菌株,通过对株高、茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重、固氮酶活性、茎叶氮含量、茎叶磷含量的测定及综合分析,确定使热研2号柱花草接种不同根瘤菌菌株达到最佳促生性能的磷浓度。结果表明:7个菌株在中磷时鲜重和含氮量最大,低磷不利于鲜重和含氮量的增加;经主因子综合分析,菌株YM11-1、RJS9-2、PN13-3在高磷时对热研2号柱花草有最好的固氮促生效果,菌株LZ3-2、BS1-1、PN13-3在中等磷条件下有最好的固氮促生效果,菌株FS3-1-1在高磷和中磷都有最好的固氮促生效果。     

柴油机曲轴有限元分析及结构优化设计

对一车用柴油机整体曲轴建立了符合实际情况的三维模型,采用有限元法对其进行了三维有限元分析,研究了整体曲轴的应力状态,并对其在交变载荷下的疲劳强度进行了校核。同时对曲轴结构参数,圆角形状优化和圆角应力分布等相关问题进行了探讨。最后对曲轴进行了模态分析。为柴油机曲轴的结构设计提供了有价值的理论依据。     

平面梯形机构不能精确实现无侧滑转向的证明

基于“转向机构不可能精确实现无侧滑转向”的预先判断，多年来人们对轮式车辆各种转向机构做了大量优化设计工作。然而迄今为止没研究过该判断是否正确。转向机构中最具代表性的整体式等腰梯形机构常被简化为平面等腰梯形机构进行设计。在此情况下，本文通过将实际转向角方程和无侧滑方程对比，证明上述判断是正确的，即该种平面机构不能使车辆在任意转弯半径下都做精确的无侧滑转向。这一结论为平面等腰梯形转向机构的近似和优化设计提供了理论依据。     

多层组合减振结构参数优化的研究

对一种新型的，用于大型履带式车辆的多层管状减振结构的参数特性进行了研究。在分析了参数之间耦连关系后，提出了暂定刚度参数Ｙ和阻尼材料损耗因子β，先求剪切参数Ｘ的解耦观点。把减振结构的几何尺寸作为变量，结构的损耗因子η最大为目标，对结构进行了优化。经对按本文观点优化的橡胶减振器制品的动态实验，表明实验值与理论值有较好的吻合性。     

农作物高产的适宜土壤水分指标研究

依据大量的实测试验资料，论证了土壤水分对小麦、玉米、棉花生长发育的影响及不同土壤水分与作物产量的关系，分析确定了三种作物高产的适宜土壤水分上、下限指标，为实现高产及节水灌溉提供了依据。     

基于运动学分配性能的并联机构优化设计

根据给定的并联机构末端执行器的任务要求,在其结构参数优化设计中,为保证各分支运动学传递性能相对均较优,利用离差的性质,定义了局域和全域运动(速度)、力及功率分配性能指标,以此反映各分支共同承担负载要求的能力。对于单驱动分支功率输出,探讨了速度和力两个可变的物理量对功率的作用大小,并定义了运动、力作用系数,以此对机构的工作空间进行了分析。最后以用作姿态调整部件的3-RPS空间并联机构为例,对上述指标进行了详细的求解,在改进的设计空间中叠加性能图谱,优化了机构的结构参数尺寸,同时求出了相应的工作空间。     

屯留县旱农实验区农林牧优化结构研究

调整农林牧结构是干旱、半干旱地区农业走出低谷、摆脱困境的战略措施。本文通过对实验区资源评价、农业生产的历史考察和现状辨识。明确了农业发展的优势和主要问题,运用线性规划模型确立了多目标兼顾的农林牧优化结构。     

Approaches to the management of inbreeding and relationship in the German Holstein dairy cattle population

The aim of this study was to estimate the current level of inbreeding in the German cow population and for bull dams born in Germany, to find out sires most related to different subsets of their breed and to demonstrate the negative effect of homozygosity in the case of complex vertebral malformation (CVM). Further on, the application of optimum genetic contribution (OGC) theory for the selection of bull dams and bull sires in different breeding scenarios was investigated. Levels of inbreeding for the cow population were in a low range from 0.97% to 1.70% evaluating birth years from 1996 to 1999 in a total dataset of 244,427 registered Holstein cows. The inbreeding coefficient of 8030 bull dams was much higher, i.e. 3.71%, for the birth year 1999. Increases in inbreeding of 0.19% per year indicated an effective population size of only 52 animals. Individual sires like R.O.R.A. Elevation and Hannoverhill Starbuck were highly related to potential bull dams with coefficients of relationship of 13.4% and 12.9%, respectively, whereas P.F. Arlinda Chief (16.3%) and Carlin-M Ivanhoe Bell (16.1%) were highest related to the best available AI sires. Coefficients of relationship were calculated by classes of estimated breeding values (EBV) for production traits showing highest values above 7% in the two highest EBV-classes. The optimum genetic contribution theory using official EBVs and approximative, for zero inbreeding corrected EBVs, was applied for elite matings in a breeding program embracing 30 young bulls per year to find the optimal allocations of bull sires and bull dams. Compared with the actual breeding program applied in practice, OGC-theory has the potential to increase genetic gain under the same constraint for the increase of average relationship by 13.1%. A more relaxed constraint on increase in inbreeding allowed even higher expected genetic gain whereas a more severe constraint resulted in more equal contributions of selected bull sires. Contributions from 21 selected bull sires and 30 selected bull dams for a scenario at 5% constrained relationship were used to develop a specific mating plan to minimise inbreeding in the short term in the following generation applying a simulated annealing algorithm. The expected coefficient of inbreeding of progeny was 66.3% less then the one resulting from random mating. Mating programs can address inbreeding concerns on the farm, at least in the short term, but long-term control of inbreeding in a dairy population requires consideration of relationships between young bulls entering AI progeny test programs. Significantly better EBVs of CVM-free bulls compared with CVM-carriers for the paternal fertility justify the application of OGC for elite matings.     

南果梨和苹果梨适宜采收期果实生理生化指标初探

针对鞍山海城地区的南果梨和沈阳苏家屯地区的苹果梨初果期和盛果期适宜采收期的生理生化指标进行了详细调查，结果表明：南果梨在海城地区初果期和盛果期最适采收期分别在9月20日、9月15日左右，一级果主要生理指标是：种子变黑指数分别是96．7、95．2，可溶性固形物是16．6％、16．1％，果实自然落果率分别是1．89％、1．26％。苹果梨在苏家屯地区初果期和盛果期最适采收期均在9月30日左右，一级果主要生理指标是：种子变黑指数分别是95．7、96．1，可溶性固形物分别是13．1％、13．4％，果实自然落果率分别是1．98％、2．38％。