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1.
Mingzhu HE 《干旱区科学》2020,12(4):701-715
In arid desert regions of northwestern China, reclamation and subsequent irrigated cultivation have become effective ways to prevent desertification, expand arable croplands, and develop sustainable agricultural production. Improvement in soil texture and fertility is crucial to high soil quality and stable crop yield. However, knowledge on the long-term effects of the conversion of desert lands into arable croplands is very limited. To address this problem, we conducted this study in an arid desert region of northwestern China to understand the changes in soil physical-chemical properties after 0, 2, 5, 10, 17, and 24 years of cultivation. Our results showed that silt and clay contents at the 17-year-old sites increased 17.5 and 152.3 folds, respectively, compared with that at the 0-year-old sites. The soil aggregate size fraction and its stability exhibited an exponential growth trend with increasing cultivation ages, but no significant change was found for the proportion of soil macroaggregates (>5.00 mm) during the 17 years of cultivation. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content at the 24-year-old sites was 6.86 g/kg and increased 8.8 folds compared with that at the 0-year-old sites. The total (or available) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents showed significant increasing trends and reached higher values after 17 (or 24) years of cultivation. Changes in soil physical-chemical properties successively experienced slow, rapid, and stable development stages, but some key properties (such as soil aggregate stability and SOC) were still too low to meet the sustainable agricultural production. The results of this long-term study indicated that reasonable agricultural management, such as expanding no-tillage land area, returning straw to the fields, applying organic fertilizer, reducing chemical fertilizer application, and carrying out soil testing for formula fertilization, is urgently needed in arid desert regions. 相似文献
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3.
杂交早稻吸氮特性与产量形成的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
研究了在不同施氮水平下,杂交早稻吸氮特性及其与产量形成的关系。结果表明;杂交早稻威优49亩产500千克左右,植株每亩总吸氮量平均为9.78千克,其中土壤供氮量占52.45%。杂交早稻一生中前期吸氮量占50.72%,中期占31.08%,后期占18.30%,以中期施氮对叶片含氮率影响最大。在高氮水平下,中期施氮导致茎鞘醣含量急剧下降。抽穗前植株吸氮量与每亩发育颖花数呈极显著正相关,但结实率受每朵颖花占有抽穗前醣量的影响。最适 LAI 为6.5~7.5。 相似文献
4.
百脉根种子硬实处理与耐藏性的探讨 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
地百脉根种子硬实用不同方法处理和对不同贮藏时间种子耐藏性的测定结果表明:贮藏1年种子含硬实率59.3%。经擦破种皮或硫酸浸种处理,硬实率明显下降,发芽势,发芽率显著提高;种子随贮藏期的增长,硬实率明显下降,其发芽势,发芽率,活力指数以及直播出苗率,幼细苗存活率等亦随贮藏时间的延长而下降;种子电导值则随贮藏时间的延长而增大。 相似文献
5.
大豆室内耐冷筛选及其在田间的应用研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
本试验把生长箱大豆耐低温萌发筛选与田间早春播研究相结合,验证耐低温发芽的可靠性。在实验室,萌发期表现抗冷的大豆,田间出昔期仍表现抗冷或较抗冷。实验表明,大豆出苗的生物学最低温度平均为7.1℃,所需有效积温136℃。地温的高低直接影响大豆早春出苗的多寡,两者呈密切的正相关。黄、青、黑豆中,以黑豆抵抗早春不良气候条件的能力最强。 相似文献
6.
高原瘦肉型猪肥育性能与胴体品质分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择59头高原瘦肉型猪,断奶后每个血统选用5~9头公猪为一组,经育肥达90kg体重屠宰,测定其胴体性状和胴体品质,测定结果表明全期日增重均在500g以上,但各世代有差异,其胴体品质较之互助猪有了明显提高。 相似文献
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8.
C. Avgoulas L. Bouza A. Koutrou S. Papadopoulou S. Kosmas E. Makridou P. Papastylianou D. Bilalis 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2005,191(1):1-9
Studies were conducted in four regions of central Greece (Larisa, Karditsa, Livadia, Thiva), to evaluate the productivity and fibre properties (fibre strength and fibre length) of the five most commonly grown cotton cultivars in these regions. The experiments lasted for 6 years (1995–2000). All the characteristics tested were strongly influenced by the factors ‘year’, ‘cultivar’ and ‘region’. Significant cultivar × region, year × cultivar, region × year and cultivar × region × year interactions occurred for all the characteristics studied. The cultivar Alegria had the highest seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Aria had the lowest ones. Both cultivars gave the highest mean lint percentage but the lowest mean boll weight (MBW). Alegria had the lowest fibre strength, while Aria had the highest. The Acala‐type cultivars, Acala SJ2 and Zeta 2, had intermediate seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Vered 171 had high seed‐cotton and satisfactory lint yield. The three cultivars mentioned above had the highest MBW and very good fibre strength. Positive correlation was observed between fibre strength and length. In spite of the fact that mean fibre length was statistically the same in all cultivars, it was influenced by the factor ‘year’, as a result of different weather conditions. The year 1996 was the most unfavourable one for seed‐cotton yield and MBW, because it was characterized by lower than average air temperatures and rather dry conditions for all study sites. The factor ‘region’, a combination of different climatic conditions and cultural practices, influenced significantly all the parameters studied. 相似文献
9.
缺氧对甘蓝型黄籽与黑籽油菜发芽的影响 总被引:9,自引:7,他引:2
随机选取甘蓝型黄籽、黑籽油菜各20个品系,将萌发中的种子进行淹水缺氧处理,观察黄籽、黑籽品系耐湿性表现.结果表明,甘蓝型黄籽油菜的相对成苗率、相对苗高、相对苗重、活力指数低于黑籽油菜,单位电导率高于黑籽油菜.无论是黄籽油菜还是黑籽油菜,品种间的耐湿性差异都很大.电导率与活力指数之间有极显著的负相关,可用来快速筛选油菜耐湿性材料. 相似文献
10.
The metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and change of enzyme of seeds ofpinus bungeana during the germination were conducted by the methods of gas-liquid chromatography, flow injection, colorimetric analysis
of spectrophotometer, to provide theoretical basis for seeds dormancy, germination and storage of seeds of forest tree. The
results indicate that (1) carbohydrates were first utilized during germination of seed ofpinus bungeana; (2) stored substances in seeds began to decompose quickly after radicale broke through seed coats; (3) the activity of enzymes
in the seeds does not always coincides with the increase or decrease in quantity of its responsible substance during germination
of the seed. Changes in stored substance relate to metabalism of other metabolism of other materials and the use of hydrolysates. 相似文献