番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存及鲜精品质影响

旨在探究番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存和新鲜精液品质的影响,为番茄红素作为新型精液稀释液添加剂和种公畜日粮添加剂提供依据。本研究采集3头年龄3~5岁健康状况良好秦川种公牛的新鲜精液混合,用0、1、2、3、4 μmol·L^-1浓度的番茄红素稀释液冷冻保存;利用计算机辅助分析仪、低渗肿胀检测法、花生凝集素荧光标记检测法、罗丹明荧光检测法等检测精子的运动性能、顶体完整率、质膜完整性、线粒体活性和抗氧化性能;在秦川种公牛日粮中添加15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素,检测饲喂前后秦川种公牛的新鲜精液品质和血清抗氧化指标。结果表明,在秦川牛精液冷冻保存过程中添加番茄红素可以显著提高冷冻-解冻后精子的活力、顶体完整率、质膜完整性和线粒体活性以及抗氧化酶CAT和GSH-Px酶活性,显著降低精子中MDA含量,且番茄红素的最适添加浓度为2 μmol·L^-1(P<0.05);饲喂15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素后,与饲喂之前相比,秦川种公牛的精子活力显著提高(P<0.05),精子畸形率显著降低(P<0.05),血清中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性显著增加(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,一定浓度的番茄红素对精子在冷冻过程中造成的精子损伤和秦川牛机体应激造成的繁殖性能降低具有良好的保护作用,这可能与番茄红素通过抗氧化作用减少精子在冷冻-解冻过程中的氧化损伤和提高动物机体的抗氧化能力有关。     

牛奶子果实性状及营养成分的产地与株间变异研究

对采自不同产地和单株的牛奶子的果实性状、氨基酸含量、番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、Vc以及微量元素进行了分析.牛奶子浆果平均鲜质量0.13 g,变幅0.07～0.15 g.鲜果平均果肉率75.01%.6个单株的17种氨基酸总含量在146.596～179.634 mg·g-1之间,平均总含量为167.839 mg·g-1.其中谷氨酸含量最高,占氨基酸总含量的18.07%;其次精氨酸(11.66%)及天冬氨酸含量(10.78%),甲硫氨酸最低(0.84%),其余氨基酸均在7.00%以下.3个单株的番茄红素含量,最高的为342.000 mg·kg-1,最低为78.000 mg·kg-1,两者相差3.38倍,其含量是番茄的2.6～11.4倍.β-胡萝卜素平均含量为6.480 mg·kg-1,可溶性糖平均含量7.312 mg·kg-1,可滴定酸平均含量3.240 mg·g-1.Vc的平均含量为0.049 mg·g-1.Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu平均含量分别为97.881、77.553、23.384、12.129 mg·kg-1.K、Ca平均含量分别为11.190、3.720 mg·g-1.     

Effects of Intragastric Lycopene on Oxidative Stress of Blood after Exercise SD Rats

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of intragastric lycopene on oxidative stress blood after exercise SD rats.Thirty two SD rats with similar weight(233.40 g±6.21 g) and good health for SPF were randomized into one control groups and three trial groups with 8 rats per group.The control group was gastric fed with edible oil,the trial Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were gastric fed with edible oil intragastric with 10,20,40 mg/(kg·BW) lycopene,respectively.The pre-experiment period lasted for 10 d,and the experiment period lasted for 42 d.Swimming train six days a week and train six weeks,then that blood were collection for determination of oxidative stress after swimming train 11 hours SD rats.The results showed that lycopene concentration of plasma was increased at first and decreased subsequently,after 4 h lycopene concentration of plasma in SD rat was peak.With the increase of intragastric lycopene doses,glutathione peroxidase,total antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity of plasma showed a trend of rising; malondialdehyde content of plasma showed a trend of decrease with the increase of supplemental lycopene dose after exercise SD rats.Therefore,the antioxidant capacity of blood after exercise SD rats and doses of intragastric lycopene were dose dependent,antioxidant capacity of blood after exercise SD rats showed a trend of rise with the increase of lycopene dose.     

色素万寿菊中叶黄素合成相关基因的表达分析

本项研究以生产中用于杂交制种的8个色素万寿菊品种资源的花蕾期(Ⅰ)、鲜花半开期(Ⅱ)、鲜花盛开期(Ⅲ)的花瓣以及盛开期时的叶子(Ⅳ)为材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测了叶黄素合成过程中3个相关基因lcyb(lycopene b-cyclase)、lcye(lycopene e-cyclase)和zds(ζ-carotene desaturase)在8个供试品种的不同发育时期的相对表达量。结果表明:3个基因的表达量在叶片中依次为lcyb>zds>lcye,花瓣中依次为lcye>zds>lcyb。lcye在花瓣中的表达量随花瓣的开放程度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在Ⅱ期达到最大值,且均高于叶片中lcye的表达量。Zds的表达趋势为Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ。Lcyb在叶中的表达高于花瓣中的任何时期。父本花瓣Ⅲ期的lcye表达量高于其他品种,且它的叶片中的lcyb的表达也高于其它品种。本项研究结果将有助于进一步阐明lcyb、lcye和zds基因与色素万寿菊叶黄素合成积累之间的关系,为进行色素万寿菊的基因工程育种奠定基础。     

西瓜中番茄红素提取工艺研究

对有机溶剂法从西瓜中提取番茄红素的工艺条件进行了研究,通过单因素实验、正交实验及方差分析,考察了影响提取的主要因素,寻求最佳提取工艺.结果表明,溶剂选用乙酸乙脂提取效果好,提取条件为固液比1:7,温度35℃,时间100min.     

Supplemental blue and red light promote lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits

Lycopene, one of the strongest natural antioxidants known and the main carotene in ripe tomato, is very important for human health. Light is well known to be one of the most important environmental stimuli influencing lycopene biosynthesis; specifically, red light induces higher lycopene content in tomato. However, whether blue light promotes lycopene synthesis remains elusive and exactly how light stimulation promotes lycopene synthesis remains unclear. We applied supplemental blue and red lighting on tomato plants at anthesis to monitor the effect of supplemental blue and red lighting on lycopene synthesis. Our results showed that supplemental blue/red lighting induced higher lycopene content in tomato fruits; furthermore, we found that the expression of key genes in the lycopene synthesis pathway was induced by supplemented blue/red light. The expression of light signaling components, such as red-light receptor phytochromes (PHYs), blue-light receptor cryptochromes (CRYs) and light interaction factors, phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) were up- or down-regulated by blue/red lighting. Thus, blue and red light increased lycopene content in tomatoes by inducing light receptors that modulate HY5 and PIFs activation to mediate phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) gene expression. These results provide a sound theoretical basis for further elucidation of the light regulating mechanism of lycopene synthesis in tomatoes, and for instituting a new generation of technological innovations for the enhancement of lycopene accumulation in crop production.     

番茄红素提取工艺研究进展

番茄红素是类胡萝卜素的一种,它具有很强的抗氧化、防癌、抗癌的作用,是目前国际上功能食品成分研究中的一个热点。文章综述了番茄红素的提取方法,包括直接粉碎法、有机溶剂浸提法、超临界流体萃取法、制备高压液相色谱及酶反应法等。     

超声波辅助提取西瓜番茄红素工艺优化

研究了一元溶剂、二元溶剂、三元溶剂对西瓜番茄红素提取效率的影响,应用正交试验优化了超声波辅助混合溶剂提取西瓜番茄红素工艺。结果表明,一元溶剂中石油醚、乙酸乙酯对西瓜番茄红素的提取效果较好;二元混合溶剂中,乙酸乙酯-丙酮(7∶1)的提取效果最好;三元混合溶剂中乙酸乙酯∶丙酮∶甲醇(7∶1∶1)的提取效果最好;提取西瓜番茄红素的最佳溶剂是体积比为7∶1的乙酸乙酯-丙酮混合溶剂。超声波提取西瓜番茄红素的最佳工艺为超声波功率225 W,超声温度50℃,超声时间20 min,料液比为1∶5(g∶m L)。     

番茄红素微波萃取工艺条件的研究

番茄红素是脂溶性色素,脂溶性色素的提取特点是提取时间较长,采用微波浸提技术可以提高其提取率。实验采用微波辐射法萃取番茄红素,确定的最佳提取工艺条件是:提取溶剂为丙酮,微波功率级数为2,提取时间为40s,液固比(mL·g-1)为3∶1,提取级数为3。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取番茄红素的研究

在番茄红素超临界CO2萃取压力35 MPa,萃取温度55℃,解析温度35℃,以投料量20%的正己烷为夹带剂萃取2 h的情况下,番茄红素的提取率可达93.98%。结果表明:采用超临界CO2萃取番茄红素不仅可以克服传统提取方法的缺陷,而且对番茄红素这类热敏性物料的提取也尤为合适。