迷宫螺旋槽的选取研究

以提高迷宫螺旋泵的扬程、流量、效率、汽蚀等性能参数为目标,给出不同使用条件下螺旋槽形状与几何参数的选取。     

Why viewing nature is more fascinating and restorative than viewing buildings: A closer look at perceived complexity

The present paper addresses the question which visual features trigger people’s often more positive affective responses to natural compared to built scenes. Building on notions about visual complexity and fractal geometry, we propose that perceived complexity of magnified scene parts can predict the greater fascinating and restorative qualities of natural versus built scenes. This prediction was tested in an experiment in which 40 participants viewed and rated 40 images of unspectacular natural and built scenes in their original size, and at 400% and 1600% magnification levels. Results showed that the original, unmagnified natural scenes were viewed longer and rated more restorative than built scenes, and that these differences were statistically mediated by the greater perceived complexity of magnified parts of natural scenes. These findings fit with the idea that fractal-like, recursive complexity is an important visual cue underlying the restorative potential of natural and built environments.     

Analysis of Heat Transfer and Optimal Parameters of Multi-louvered Fin Condenser

The authors conduct the experimental study and optimal computing for the condenser of automobile air conditioner. The especially the properties of heat transfer and flow at the side of air when using shutter fin. The authors the influence of several combinations of fin's geometry parameter to heat transfer and flow resistance. The maximal heat transfer is used as a criterion relation to select the fin's geometry parameters in the same facing air area of condenser. Furthermore, a program is designed to conduct optimal computing, and the computing results are basically consistent with experimental results. It shows that the optimal method is reasonable and the results can be applied to engineering practice.     

泵站竖井进水流道数值模拟与装置特性试验

采用雷诺平均纳维—斯托克斯方程(RANS)和标准kε湍流模型,运用SIMPLEC算法,对椭圆型线前置竖井贯流进水流道内的流动进行了三维数值计算,揭示了竖井进水流道内流场、特征断面的速度分布及水力损失规律。对椭圆型线竖井进水流道与出水流道匹配组成的模型泵装置进行动力特性试验,得出了4种叶片角度下的泵装置特性曲线。研究结果表明:采用椭圆型线设计的竖井进水流道合理;大型低扬程泵站采用卧式竖井贯流结构,泵装置效率较高。     

隔膜计量泵的改良设计与汽蚀性能的提高

针对应用于石油化工装置上的进口隔膜计量泵容易产生的汽蚀问题，对隔膜泵复合隔膜、柱塞密封副、液压平衡与补偿阀结构进行了改良设计，采用较大承载能力的机座、独特阶梯式活塞、加大直径的活塞、PTFE＋NBR复合隔膜，改良放气安全阀及油浸没式补偿系统等方法，提高了隔膜计量泵的汽蚀性能；通过对改造的隔膜计量泵与原有的计量泵进行的汽蚀试验对比，给出了隔膜计量泵性能与现场使用的最佳匹配工况。改良的结构设计和新型材料的选用大大提高了计量泵的汽蚀性能。     

新型肘形进水流道水力特性预测

提出一种新型肘形进水流道,具有型线简单,容易设计和施工方便等优点。采用定常雷诺平均N S方程和标准kε紊流模型,数值模拟了该新型肘形进水流道的三维紊流。在详细分析内部流态的基础上,从流道出口断面轴向流速分布均匀度、出口水流偏流角和流道阻力系数3个方面对其水力特性进行了全面的预测,并与按常规设计的肘形进水流道的水力特性进行了比较。计算结果表明,新型肘形进水流道具有优良的水力特性,出口水流的轴向流速分布均匀度高,偏流角小,可为水泵提供良好的进水条件。     

一种水窖入水口的自闭系统初探

在对水窖较为普遍的窖体破坏、塌窖等原因进行分析的基础上,引入一种防止水窖超蓄塌陷的水窖入水口自闭系统.此系统结构简单、造价低、使用方便,能及时自闭入水口且关闭效果好,保证水窖蓄水不超过限制水位,从而保障水窖的结构稳定,延长水窖的使用年限.     

函数域的Minkowski常数(英)

对有限域Eq上某些函数域K（包括全实函数域和二次函数域）给出Minkowski常数Mk。使K的每个分式理想类包含次数≤Mk整理想AOk。     

前置导叶对畜禽舍轴流风机性能的影响

畜禽养殖过滤除臭装置对传统轴流风机负压抽吸能力提出了更高的要求。为提高传统轴流风机的气动性能，扩大其有效工作区间，该研究以550型农用轴流风机为对象，结合试验和数值模拟研究了前置导叶对轴流风机性能的影响。通过单因素和响应面分析方法，对前置导叶的导叶安装角（α）、轴向间距（L）、导叶个数（n）对风机性能和流场的影响进行研究，分析各因素对风机性能的影响，求解出最佳参数组合。通过3D打印制作前置导叶并进行样机试验。结果表明，增设前置导叶后，风机内部区域涡流得到削弱，降低了流动损失，静压效率提高，流动剧烈程度降低，流场更稳定，叶片静压差增大，风机叶片的做功能力增强，与传统结构相比，增设前置导叶后风机通风量和能效比均明显提升，通风量提升幅度在5.7%～10.39%，能效比提升幅度在6.62%～10.89%；在静压50 Pa下，通风量提升6.76%，能效比提升7.75%。研究结果证明了增设前置导叶提升轴流风机负压抽吸能力的可行性。     

Effect of tool angles on the chips generated during milling of wood by straight router-bits

 The effect of tool angles on the shapes of chips generated by parallel-to-grain and end-grain milling was explored for China fir and maple under fixed spindle and feed speeds and cutting depth. The milling path was up-milling by straight router-bits with a diameter of 12 mm. The chip shapes could be distinguished as five types: spiral, splinter, flow, thin, and granules or powder. The flow and thin chips were generated most often (on a weight percentage basis) for all tool angles investigated for parallel-to-grain and end-grain milling of China fir and maple. More granule chips were produced with parallel-to-grain milling than with end-grain milling for both woods. The measured chip thickness (t′) was thicker than the calculated thickness (t _max). Thicker and longer maple chips were produced by end-grain milling than by parallel-to-grain milling. The tool geometries of 40°/15° (sharpness of the angle–rake angle), 50°/15°, and 60°/15° for China fir and 40°/25°, 50°/5°, and 60°/5° for maple produced relatively more flow chips with parallel-to-grain milling. Furthermore, the tool geometries of 40°/5°, 50°/15° and 60°/25° produced more flow chips (weight percentage) by end-grain milling of China fir and maple. Received: May 23, 2001 / Accepted: June 28, 2002 Acknowledgment This study was supported by a grant from the National Council of Science, Taiwan (NSC89-2313-B-415-011).